다중이용시설 실내공기질 특성 및 건강위해성평가에 대한 연구

Abstract

Most time of a daily life to have listened to that is a modern industrial society is being sent from various indoor spaces. Various pollutants are existing in indoor multi-use facility and pollutants are happened in external pneumatic influx, cigarette smoke, a radiator, an oven, cement, washing, construction materials and paint. As for the indoor air pollution, a house, a school, an office, a public building, the hospital, underground facilities, a public transportation indoor space mean to have been polluted. Indoor air pollution is not the right way to intimidate a life of indoor residents, but be bad for health in the long term must be affecting it. Be practicing the law about 「management of public facilities air quality」 for national health in the Ministry of Environment from 2004. Studied a characteristic and health risk assessment of the indoor air pollution that measured in multi-use facilities in Seoul City from 2005 to 2009. The purpose of this study a characteristic and risk assessment in order to offer scientific data for decision-marking of policy for improvement and management of indoor air quality in Seoul city. The contents that summarizes the results got through accomplishment of this study and presented are as follows.

1. An indoor air pollution characteristic of multi-use facilities are as follows. The indoor air pollution comparative group results, a mostly general group showed high concentration than a sensitivity group, however, as for the sensitivity group, carbon dioxide and HCHO became investigation with the concentration that a general group was higher. The pollution characteristic results of overground and underground facilities, generally underground facilities showed relatively high concentration. CO, NO2 and a bacterium mostly show high concentration in underground facilities. As for the basis excess rate of pollutants, TVOC(13.81%) was the highest, and a NO2 (4.90%), a carbon dioxide (4.63%), PM10(4.25%), TBC and a HCHO order were shown by the following. Also, as for the basis excess rate of facilities, a large store (8.1%) was the highest, and medical facilities (4.8%), the underground store (4.8%), the kindergarten (4.2%) and the postpartum care (3.6%) were shown according to facilities in order by the following. generally an excess rate is high in the sensitivity group facilities.

2. The health risk assessment results of multi-use facilities in Seoul are as follows. 1) A safety rate appeared with 1 below, and the aged welfare center, medical facilities, the indoor parking lot, the kindergarten , the library, the postpartum care, the sauna, the subway station were evaluated to safety facilities in CTE(central tendency exposure) state. This means what is kept well with the level that indoor air pollutants of multi-use facilities is below an indoor air quality standard. however, in the large store, the postpartum care and the underground store, a TVOC item exceeded a high safety basis than 1. 2) The HCHO risk assessment results, As for the excess carcinogenesis of HCHO, in CTE state, the worker were judged as a safe level. in RME state, the indoor parking lot and subway station were judged as a safe level, and the remaining facilities exceeded 1×10-4. The user exceeded 1×10-5with a basis in aged welfare center(1.49×10-5) and kindergarten facilities(1.55×10-5) in CTE state. In RME state, a user excluded a postpartum care, it was evaluated that a basis was exceeded in all facilities. As for the Monte carlo evaluation results, the worker, a large store(1.24×10-4), a postpartum care(1.79×10-4), a sauna(1.07×10-4) and the underground store(1.23×10-4) exceeded HCHO risk assessment basis 1×10-4. also, in 95%(Monte carlo) state, all facilities were evaluated by having exceeded HCHO risk assessment basis 1×10-4. In an average, the user exceeded risk assessment basis 1×10-5 in aged welfare center(1.69×10-5), kindergarten facilities(1.61×10-5), respectively. also, in 95%(Monte carlo) state, it was evaluated that a risk assessment basis was exceeded in aged welfare center, a large store, a kindergarten, a library, a sauna, too. 3) The benzene risk assessment results, In CTE and RME state, as for the worker, all facilities were evaluated with a safe level by benzene. In CTE state, as for the user, all facilities are judged as a safe level by benzene. in RME state, it was evaluated that risk assessment basis 1×10-5 was exceeded in a large store, an indoor parking lot, a sauna. In the Monte carlo evaluation results, an average, as for the worker, all facilities were evaluated at safety within a 1×10-4 by risk assessment. In 95%(Monte carlo) state, it was exceeded only in an indoor parking lot, and all remaining facilities were evaluated within a basis. In an average, the user was evaluated within a risk assessment basis in all facilities. Also, in 95%(Monte carlo) state, all facilities were evaluated within risk assessment basis 1×10-5. 4) The hazard index results of non-cancer pollutants Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene, Styrene are as follows. The worker did not exceed a hazard index 0.1 in CTE and RME state in all facilities. However, a user were exceeded in postpartum carer(m,p-Xylene, Toluene, o-Xylene) and aged welfare cente(m,p-Xylene) facilities in CTE and RME state, respectively. The Monte carlo risk assessment results, the worker were evaluated at safe in an average and a 95%(Monte carlo) state mostly in facilities. However, in an average, aged welfare center(m,p-Xylene) and postpartum care(Toluene, m,p-Xylene) exceeded hazard index basis 0.1 of a user individually. In 95%(Monte carlo) state, aged welfare center(Toluene, m,p-Xylene) and postpartum care(Toluene, m,p-Xylene, o-Xylene) exceeded the 0.1 that were a basis. It was evaluated safe level in the multi-use facilities where the health risk assessment results about indoor air volatility organic compounds were most. But it was evaluated that it must be managed pollutants because Toluene, m,p-Xylene, o-Xylene exceeded a risk assessment basis in the aged welfare center, the postpartum care. 5) The risk assessment results of PM10, NO2, ozone(O3), carbon monoxide(CO) are as follows. In CTE, RME and Monte carlo state, the user did not exceed a risk assessment basis in all facilities. In CTE and Monte carlo state, as for the worker, PM10 exceeded a risk assessment basis in the subway station. In RME and 95%(Monte carlo) state, aged welfare center PM10(0.15), large scale store PM10(0.11), indoor parking lot PM10(0.14), kindergarten PM10(0.105), sauna PM10(0.107), subway station PM10(0.17), underground store PM10(0.13) exceeded risk assessment basis 0.1. The NO2, ozone(O3), carbon monoxide(CO) was evaluated at all safe level in all facilities by a worker and a user.

3. An indoor air pollution level and the health risk assessment synthesis evaluation results of Seoul City multi-use facilities are as follows. The indoor air pollution study results, special management pollutants were total volatile organic compound(TVOC) and PM10, and it was evaluated with a large store, medical facilities, the underground store, a kindergarten, a postpartum care to special management facilities. Specially, sensitivity group facilities must do special management because generally Seoul City indoor air basis excess rate is high. As for the risk assessment results special management pollutants, HCHO, PM10 and the special management facilities were evaluated by must manage a large scale store, a postpartum care, a sauna, the underground store, a aged welfare center, a kindergarten. From now on, it is requested systematic indoor health risk assessment and that study investigation pollutant expansion is played in Seoul City multi-use facilities.

keywords : Risk assessment, Hazard index, Monte caro, CTE, RME, TVOC, PM10