코어도식을 이용한 동사 「とる」와 복합동사「Vとる」의 인지론적 설명

Abstract

Abstract The purpose of this study is investigating the verb 「toru」 containing multiple meanings including opposite concepts and the aim is summarized as follows. First, the study examined whether there is a certain interrelation which makes this opposite concept become a polysemy, not a distinct word. Second, in case that the verb 「toru」 exists at a latter part in the compound verb, we tried to find out how the polysemy quality punction in the latter part of the compound verb. Third, we also investigated a difference in terms of nuance in the semantic relationship with the former verb when it implies 「toru」’s meaning and it uses alone. The verb 「toru」 has 73 meanings in the dictionary 「daijirin」. This study classifies the usage of verb 「toru」 into 7 categories by cognitive operations (core schema and focalization). It is one of the ways acquiring polysemy methods presented by cognitive semantics. In addition, by fluidifying the object which does not move, this study can explain 「toru」’s opposite meaning organically; whereas previous studies have classified the meanings of 「acquisition」 and 「elimination」 respectively. Furthermore, by investigating compounds including 「toru」 as a latter part, this study also explain two cases separately; the former verb has 「toru」’s meaning (acquisitions and elimination) and it does not have that meaning. Like the verb 「toru」, after hypothesizing core schema and using the focalization, Images of compound verb 「Vtoru」 were classified as six categories; 「semetoru」「odoshitoru」「erabitoru」「sukitoru」「uchitoru」「tsukamitoru」「uketoru」「kikitoru」 and「nukitoru」. If a main verb does not contain the meaning of 「toru」, such as 「semetoru」「odoshitoru」「erabitoru」「sukitoru」 and 「uchitoru」, usage of the main verb is applied literally. However, when the former verb owns the meaning of the main verb 「toru」, like 「tsukamitoru」「uketoru」「kikitoru」「nukitoru」, there are two cases; usage of main verb means literally and that of suffix signifies with main verb together. Also, when the former verb includes meaning of the main verb 「toru」, it can be more obvious semantically than when that it is used alone. The difference can be found by comparing with image schema of verbs owned similar meanings. The result of the compound verb 「Vtoru」 as the main verb 「toru」, it can be possibly explained by the meaning (acquisition and elimination), meaning that usage of main verb 「toru」 has a large influence on the result of compound verb 「Vtoru」. It is clearly revealed by deformation of core schema, and the method of acquiring meaning will be applied in understanding of polysemy or compound verbs that is difficult to know the sense difference.