현대 일본어 수동표현 고찰

Abstract

Passivity, which is one of subordinate concepts of voice and in an antagonistic relation with activity, expresses an event that occurs by others' force or influence rather than an action that the subject does by its own force. This study collected sample sentences from Japanese novels and analyzed the corresponding relation of passive expressions between the Korean and Japanese languages. First, intransitive verbs and transitive verbs were categorized into seven types as follows. According to the semantic characteristic (adversity, neutrality, benefit)of the passive form, intransitive verbs were classified into three forms. In addition, the passive forms of transitive verbs were divided into Japanese derived transitive verbs and non Japanese derived ones depending on whether to have a corresponding intransitive verb, and they were again subdivided according to whether the subject is an animate being or an inanimate being. In this way, four patterns were identified. By comparing the seven patterns with Korean, I analyzed in what forms they appear in the Korean language. According to the results, passive sentences of intransitive verbs meaning or were expressed usually in passivity in Korean, and those of intransitive verbs meaning were expressed in activity or in passivity at a similar percentage. In case of Japanese derived transitive verbs with an animate subject, their Korean translations were passive or active at a similar percentage. However, in case of Japanese derived transitive verbs with an inanimate subject, their Korean translations were usually passive. In case of Japanese derived transitive verbs with an animate subject, their Korean translations were passive or active without a large difference between them, but in case of non Japanese derived transitive verbs with an inanimate subject, passive translations were much more frequent than active ones. These results are believed to be related to the animacy/inanimacy of the subject. Lastly, I classified verbs into six types and analyzed the characteristics of each type and what their equivalent types are in Korean. Although Japanese verbs could have been classified more specifically, they were categorized into only six types. More specific classification and analysis may be covered in future research.