PUKYONG

Pilot Scale Experiment for the in-situ Flushing Coupled with High Pressure Air Jet Injection to Remediate the Bunker Fuel Oil Contaminated Site

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Alternative Title
고압 공기분사가 포함된 토양세정법을 이용한 실제 유류오염토양 및 지하수 정화
Abstract
벙커C유로 오염된 지역(울산광역시 울주군 00번지)의 토양과 지하수 정화를 위해, 고압 공기분사를 적용한 현장원위치(In-Situ) 토양세정 실증시험을 실시하였다. 연구부지는 25년간 기와를 생산한 공장부지로, 공장 폐쇄 후 공장의 난방용 유류를 보관·저장하는 지하탱크(UST)로부터 누출된 벙커C유에 의해 토양 및 지하수 오염이 발생하였다.
오염토양의 평균 TPH 농도는 3449.95 mg/kg 으로 토양오염 우려기준('가' 지역 500 mg/kg)을 6 배 이상을 초과하였다. 실증시험을 위해 자갈과 모래로 이루어진 파일럿 규모의 실증시험 부지(15 m × 19 m × 6 m)를 선정하여 부지 내에 14개의 추출정 및 주입정을 설치하여 세정액을 주입 후 고압의 공기분사를 추가하는 형태로 토양세정을 실시하였다. 본 실증시험에서는 기존의 토양세정법을 적용하는데 가장 문제시 되어왔던 토양 입자 사이의 작은 공극 내를 세정액이 잘 통과할 수 있도록 세정액을 주입 후 일정 시간 동안 고압의 공기를 분사함으로써 공극 내 세정액의 흐름을 활발히 하여 오염물질의 제거 효율을 높이는 방법이 적용되었다.
파일럿 규모의 현장 실증시험에 적용한 세정액은 국내에서 생산 되는 OO생물계면활성제를 사용하였으며, 세정액 및 고압공기분사 주입율은 각각 11 L/min, 25 ㎏/㎠ 이었다. 추출정과 함께 지하수 흐름 방향으로 부지 경계부에 트랜치(2.5 m × 10 m × 6 m)를 설치하여 오염부지를 통과한 세정액을 추출한 후, 유수분리를 통해 배출수 수질 기준치 이하로 처리한 후 방류하였다.
일정한 시간간격으로 샘플링한 폐 세정액은 GC/FID(Hewlett Packard, Agilent 6890) 및 ICP/OES(Perkin elmer, Optima 3300XL)로 TPH 및 중금속 농도를 분석하여 배출 세정액당 오염물질의 제거량을 계산하였다. 실증시험 결과 오염된 부지로부터 약 3.6 ton의 TPH를 제거함으로써, 86 %의 제거 효율을 나타내었으며, 부지 내 잔류토양의 TPH 농도도 기준치 이하로 나타났다.
본 실증시험을 통하여 고압 공기분사를 적용한 현장원위치 토양 세정법은 유류로 오염된 지역을 정화하는데 효과적인 처리 방법임을 입증 할 수 있었다.
Pilot scale experiment for the in-situ flushing coupled with high pressure air jet injection was performed to remediate bunker A- and C- oil contaminated soil and groundwater.
The contaminated site was located at Ulsan, Korea, which had been used as a roofing tile manufacturing facility area for 25 years. The average total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of soil in the site was 3449 mg/kg and it exceeded 6 times of the standard tolerance limit (500 mg/kg) regulated by Korean Soil Conservation Law.
A pilot scale test site (15 m × 19 m × 6 m) was selected in the contaminated area for the in-situ flushing with high pressure air jet injection and the selected test site was mostly composed of heterogeneous sandy and gravel-sandy soils, having the 2-3 m of contamination depth. Twelve injection wells and two extraction wells including the trench at the right boundary of the site were built in the test site. After two percent of surfactant solution was flushed into the injection well, the high pressure air jet was injected to accelerate the mobility of flushed solution in pore spaces underground and thus to increase the removal efficiency of the in-situ flushing. The effluent solution was treated by the chemical treatment process including oil separator for its recycling. Water samples taken from injection and extraction wells were analyzed on GC/FID (Agilent 6890, Hewlett Packard) and ICP/OES (Perkin elmer, Optima 3300 XL) for TPH and heavy metal concentration, calculating the removal efficiency of the in-situ flushing coupled with high pressure air injection at the test site.
Total 3.6 tons of TPH (about 86 % of the initial TPH) was removed from the contaminated site and TPH concentration of the residual soil was below the standard tolerance limit (500 mg/kg). The optimum surfactant solution injection rate and air jet injection rate was determined to be 11 L/min and 25 ㎏/㎠, respectively. Results from the pilot scale test suggested that the in-situ flushing coupled with high pressure air jet injection has a great possibility to remediate bunker fuel oil contaminated site.
Author(s)
Kim, Jongsung
Issued Date
2009
Awarded Date
2009. 2
Type
Dissertation
Keyword
In-situ flushing Surfactant Enhanced Remediation (SER) High Pressure Air Injection (HPAI) Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) 현장원위치 토양세정 계면활성제 고압 공기분사 석유계 총 탄화수소
Publisher
부경대학교 대학원
URI
https://repository.pknu.ac.kr:8443/handle/2021.oak/10597
http://pknu.dcollection.net/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000001954736
Alternative Author(s)
김종성
Affiliation
부경대학교 대학원
Department
대학원 환경지질과학과
Advisor
이민희, 최정찬
Table Of Contents
CHAPTER Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 1
CHAPTER Ⅱ. OBJECTIVE = 5
CHAPTER Ⅲ. BACKGROUND = 6
3.1 Outline of research area = 6
3.1.1 Geological characteristics = 6
3.1.2 Research area = 7
3.2 Properties of NAPLs as pollution sources = 9
3.2.1 TPH and LNAPLs = 9
3.2.2 Interaction between LNAPLs and soil matrix = 13
3.3 Principle of In-situ surfactant flushing with high pressure air injection = 15
3.3.1 Surfactant = 15
3.3.2 In-situ surfactant flushing coupled with high pressure air injection = 21
CHAPTER Ⅳ. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS = 26
4.1 Experiment to measure soil properties = 26
4.1.1 Soil characteristics = 26
4.1.2 TPH contamination at the site = 28
4.2 Batch experiments for surfactant solubility for bunker fuel oil = 31
4.3 Column experiments for SER (Surfactant Enhanced Remediation) flushing = 36
4.4 Column experiment of SER flushing coupled with HPAI (high pressure air injection) = 38
4.5 Pilot scale field test for SER flushing coupled with HPAI (high pressure air injection) = 40
CHAPTER Ⅴ. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION = 44
5.1 Results of experiment to measure soil properties = 44
5.1.1. Results of soil characteristics = 44
5.1.2. Results of TPH contamination at the site = 48
5.2 Results of batch experiments for surfactant solubility to bunker fuel oil = 55
5.3 Results of column experiments for SER (Surfactant Enhanced Remediation) flushing = 57
5.4 Results of column experiment of SER flushing coupled with HPAI (high pressure air injection) . = 59
5.5 Results of pilot scale field test for SER flushing coupled with HPAI (high pressure air injection) = 63
CHAPTER Ⅵ. CONCLUSIONS = 66
REFERENCES = 69
APPENDIX PUBLICATIONS (In English & Korean) = 90
Degree
Master
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대학원 > 환경지질과학과
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