매생이 열수추출물이 흰쥐의 필수아미노산 흡수에 미치는 영향

Abstract

본 연구는 녹조식물 갈파래과에 속한 매생이를 열수로 추출(Capsosiphon fulvescens Extracts, CFE)하여 흰쥐의 식이에 첨가하였을 때 필수 아미노산 흡수에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 1. 매생이(Capsosiphon fulvescens)와 매생이 열수추출물(Capsosiphon fulvescens Extracts, CFE)의 일반성분 분석 원재료인 CF와 CF의 열수추출물인 CFE의 일반성분을 분석하였다. CF의 경우 조지방, 조단백질 및 탄수화물이 각각 약 6.5%, 31%, 52%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 CF의 열수추출물인 CFE의 경우 조지방, 조단백질 및 조회분이 각각 약 0.6%, 14%, 17%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 CFE의 70%가 탄수화물이며, 이 대부분이 식이섬유에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. CFE의 첨가가 사료 단백질 소화율에 미치는 영향 CFE의 급이에 따른 단백질 소화율을 살펴 본 결과, casein 그룹의 경우 단백질 소화율이 약 97%인 반면 CFE가 포함된 그룹의 경우 87%로 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 실험 식이에 CFE 첨가 시 단백질 소화율이 유의적으로 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 3. CFE의 급이에 따른 체중 변화 및 식이 효율에 미치는 영향 흰쥐에 CFE의 급이에 따른 체중 변화 및 식이 효율을 살펴보았다. 체중 증가량은 대조군에 비해 CFE군이에서 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 식이 섭취량 또한 동일한 경향을 보여주었다. 그러나, 식이효율에 의한 유의적인 차이는 볼 수 없었다. 4. CFE의 급이가 분변량과 총식이섬유 함량에 미치는 영향 CFE의 급이에 따른 분변량과 총식이섬유 함량을 살펴보았다. 수집한 분변의 하루 평균 양은 C군보다 CFE군에서 증가하였으나, 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 또한 실험식이에 따른 분변 중의 총식이섬유 함량을 살펴본 결과, C군보다 CFE군에서 분변 중의 식이섬유 함량이 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 5. CFE 첨가가 혈청 중의 필수 아미노산 흡수에 미치는 영향 흰쥐에 실험식이를 급이하여 30, 60, 90, 120분 후의 간문맥 중의 총필수 아미노산과 각각의 7가지 필수 아미노산 흡수정도를 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 총 필수 아미노산의 흡수 정도는 C군에 비해 CFE군에서 흡수량이 낮게 나타나면서 시간이 지남에 따라 점차 흡수량이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나, 두 군간의 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 간문맥 중의 lysine, threonine, methionine의 흡수정도는 CFE를 첨가하면 정상식이에 비해 흡수 속도를 지연시키는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine의 흡수정도는 CFE를 첨가하면 정상식이에 비해 흡수 속도를 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다.

Due to advances in medical science, the average life expectancy and standard of living has improved dramatically over the last century. While fewer individuals die from disease in South Korea, the incidence of infectious and chronic disease has been increasing due to economic growth and industrialization, which are generally credited with providing an improved diet, along with greater general convenience. Specific diseases that have a high mortality rate include cancer, brain disorders, blood vessel and heart disease, and high blood pressure; these disorders may be due, in large measure, to stress, irregular dietary habits, and a general degradation of the environment. The interest in physiologically active material isolated from various types of seaweeds rich in water-soluble dietary fiber has intensified. Porphyran extracted from green laver seaweed has been shown to have antimicrobial and anticancerous effects, and to decrease cholesterol levels. Fucoidan isolated from brown algae has anticoagulant and antioxidant properties, while alginic acid has been shown to suppress aging. Capsosiphon fulvescens, which belongs to the brown green laver seaweed group of green algae is found in the Southern or Western seas. The nutritional composition and inorganic content vary, depending on harvest time; however, the algae generally contain Vitamins A and C, as well as Ca, I, and Fe, which are known to have effects on osteoporosis, growth, hangovers, and constipation. Amino acids, a major constituent of all cells, are required for life. They play a role in the regulation of osmotic pressure, act as buffers, and serve as building blocks for cellular construction. Amino acid concentration in blood plasma is used as a general measure of amino acid and protein metabolism. Essential amino acids can also serve as an energy source as well as material for synthesis of protein in the body. Consequently, the lack of essential amino acids influences energy use, food intake, and accumulation of protein. Previous studies on the health benefits of seaweed fiber have focused on nutrition, anticancer effects, regulation of blood serum lipids, and immune response rather than on absorption and digestion of edible protein. Consequently, the goal of this study was to examine the effects of 5% C. fulvescens extract (CFE) on blood serum concentrations of essential amino acids and the rate of protein digestion and excretion. CFE edible seaweed fiber containing a high concentration of essential amino acids was added to the normal diet of rats. CFE contains approximately 68% carbohydrate as fiber, about 17% crude ash, and ~14% crude protein. We divided the group in half with one group receiving a normal diet and the other a normal diet plus 5% CFE. The absorption of essential amino acids into blood serum of the hepatic portal vein was analyzed after feeding each day for 10 days between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. The animals were killed on the 10th day. Stool samples were analyzed for six days before the end of breeding. CFE-fed rats gained less weight and ate less food than the normal diet group, and there was no difference in dietary efficiency. The total dietary content of the stools was higher in the CFE-fed group. In vitro protein digestion was decreased for the group fed 5% CFE. We believe that protease activity was affected by the CF dietary fiber. We measured the absorption of essential amino acids in the hepatic portal vein blood 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes after feeding. Although there was no difference in the concentration of total essential amino acids between the two groups, the 5% CFE-fed animals showed a delay in absorption. Absorption of Lys and Thr into the hepatic portal vein blood was less in the CFE-fed group than in the control group. The rate of absorption of Met was delayed nearly 50% in the CFE-fed group, as compared to the control group. The rate of absorption of Leu, Ile, and Val was increased; Phe showed the same trend. This study suggests that C. fulvescens dietary fiber influences protein metabolism by increasing or decreasing the absorption rate of essential amino acids in the blood supply of the brain, body tissues, and liver. Thus, we examined factors influencing the absorption of essential amino acids in the small intestine when fiber is added to a high protein diet and conclude that further studies of total amino acid biosynthesis are needed.