문말 표현에 나타난「NODA」(のだ)문의 일고찰

Abstract

A「NODA」 sentence in the predicative expression is one of frequent expression in Japanese conversation sentences. However, among those who study Japanese as a second language, even intermediate and advanced Japanese learners frequently use it wrongly. In addition, there is a necessity to be careful during conversations because it can make listeners feel a sense of suppression in case of overuse. Although some of previous studies pointed out that 「NODA」 sentences are frequently used in conversations, it is deemed that studies on 「NODA」 sentences focusing on colloquial Japanese are insufficient because those studies simply mentioned them. Accordingly, the current study examined meanings and uses of 「NODA」 sentences in colloquial Japanese, researched frequencies of meanings and uses by predicative type, age and sex, and studied characteristics of 「NODA」 sentences in spoken Japanese using scenarios for films and dramas that were produced for the purpose of natural speaking. As a result of the study, it was found that meanings and uses can be classified into 11 kinds; discovery, resolution, confession, emphasis, explanation of situation, request for explanation, judgment of situation, notifying, commanding, blaming and soliloquy. Also, it was observed that frequencies of meanings and uses among 1,435 subject cases were in the order of explanation of situation 535 cases(37.3%), emphasis 368 cases (25.6%), request for explanation 356 cases (24.8%), judgment of situation 65 cases (4.5%), confession 40 cases (2.79%), blaming 18 cases (1.26%), notifying 17 cases (1.19%), resolution 14 cases (0.98%) soliloquy 11 cases (0.77%), discovery 6 cases (0.42%) and commanding 5 cases (0.35%). On the other hand, it was found that 「NODA」 sentences were used with various meanings and uses by young people rather than old people, and the use of ‘commanding’ was used by men only. The current study also examined characteristics of meanings and uses of 「のだ」 sentences in conversations by comparing studies of prior researchers like IORI(2002) and KONDOU(2002) and the current study. As a result, it was found that common meanings and uses were judgment of situation, explanation of situation, commanding, notifying, emphasis, discovery, request for confirmation, confession and resolution, while blaming and soliloquy were uniquely suggested in the current study. Blaming can be seen similar to request for confirmation when considering structural components only in sentences, but in request for confirmation, a speaker asks a listener for response while speaking intention of blaming is a speaker pressing hard a listener and blaming the listener, rather than asking a response from the listener. Soliloquy means speaking behaviors in monologue scenes, in which a speaker asks questions to himself, and answers to the questions, mutters something to himself, or blames himself. Soliloquy can be regarded as meanings and uses of request for explanation, explanation of situation and blaming, but it is different from request for explanation, explanation of situation and blaming because its speaking situations are limited to the speaker himself, not being aware of a listener, and information at a time of speaking is what the speaker already knows. The meanings of the current study are to find meanings and uses like blaming and soliloquy that were not mentioned by prior researchers ((IORI(2002), KONDOU(2002)) using conversations of Japanese native speakers in scenarios of films and Dramas, and to examine characteristics of 「NODA」sentences in Japanese conversations by conducting a frequency analysis of meanings and uses by age, sex and predicative types.