The Role of Fisheries Management in Resolving the Overexploitation Conflict of Trade Liberalization for Sustainable Fisheries

Abstract

Shrimp is Indonesia major commercial commodity both in domestic and international market which contribute greatly to Indonesia GDP. Shrimp resources stock in Indonesia experienced overexploitation shown from the decrease of annual catch in most of Indonesia fisheries management areas. Indonesia has 11 management areas which are assembled based on natural resources characteristic and managerial objective. The conundrum of Indonesia as a major exporter country, and the declining of wild shrimp stock has become major issue in Indonesia fisheries management. International trade is necessary for Indonesian economic growth, particularly in the fisheries sector. This study aims to identify the role of fisheries management in resolving the overexploitation conflict of trade liberalization for sustainable fisheries by comparing two areas of fisheries management in Indonesia (East Java, WPP 712; and North Sulawesi, WPP 716). Both areas for the case study have different characteristic regarding the annual shrimp capture productivity, the participation in international trade, and regional fisheries management. Lack of the enforcement of current law and regulation, and ineffective MCS system contribute to the increase of IUU fishing practice which endangers Indonesia fisheries resources, and degrade the quality of the environment. This study recommends that Indonesia should enforce the effective fisheries management measure such as Total Allowable Catch (TAC) in order create a balanced system between fisheries trade, and resources sustainability