일본어 한어동사의 고찰

Abstract

A Study on the Chinese Character verbs in Japanese -Focused on comparison with Korean-

This study examines the corresponding forms of Chinese Character verbs used in Korean and Japanese languages. The purpose of this study is to diminish misuse of Chinese Character verbs among Korean Japanese learners by clarifying the relationship between ｢Chinese Character verb+suru｣ in Japanese and its Korean equivalences of ｢Chinese Character verb+hada｣ and ｢Chinese Character verb+doeda｣ through an investigation of the example sentences collected from Korean and Japanese translated novels. When ｢Chinese Character verb+suru｣ in Japanese, which is a main cause of misuse, is an intransitive verb, it corresponds to ｢Chinese Character verb+hada｣ and ｢Chinese Character verb+doeda｣ in Korean. While「hada」in Korean mostly represents independent action, behaviors that happen regardless of the will of the subject can also be attached to 「hada」. On the contrary, usage of ｢Chinese Character verb+doeda｣in Korean was dominant in sentences which express change in condition rather than action. There existed some cases where Chinese Character verbs must correspond to ｢doeda」in Korean, including the vocabularies such as paralysis, disclosure, hyperemia, disappearance, contradiction and addiction. Especially, correspondence between ｢Chinese Character verb+suru｣ in Japanese in intransitive form and ｢Chinese Character verb+doeda｣ in Korean requires caution as the Korean Japanese learners often write or speak using the form ｢Chinese Character verb+sareru｣ or ｢Chinese Character verb+ni naru｣ instead of ｢Chinese Character verb+suru｣ in Japanese due to the interference of mother tongue. Moreover, a unique case where ｢Chinese Character verb+hada｣ corresponded to ｢Chinese Character verb+sareru｣. This can be interpreted as the frequent usage of ｢hada｣ in Korean language as the active forms are much more often used compared to the passive form as long as the subject of an action exist in a sentence. Next, the paper examined the corresponding forms of ｢Chinese Character verb+saseru｣ in Japanese that are equivalent to ｢Chinese Character verb+sikida｣ and ｢Chinese Character verb+hada｣ in Korean. Especially, ｢Chinese Character verb+suru｣ and ｢Chinese Character verb+saseru｣ in Japanese could be interchanged with ｢Chinese Character verb+hada｣ and ｢Chinese Character verb+sikida｣ in Korean, respectively. It turned out that the interchange is possible only for verbs with transitive meaning. Moreover, there were cases where different Chinese characters are used for the same meaning or where actually used Chinese characters differ between the two languages despite the fact that identical Chinese characters exist. Hence, it is necessary to pay attention not to use the same Chinese character following the habit of using mother tongue. Next, I examined the case where ｢Chinese Character verb+suru｣ takes Korean predicates other than ｢Chinese Character verb+hada/doeda｣. There were vocabularies that took the form of ｢Chinese Character verb+chida/nada/jidda/gada/meokda」 in Korean. Hence, it is necessary to be careful when using these ｢Chinese Character verb+suru｣ in spoken or written Japanese. Moreover, as for the form of ｢Chinese Character verb+dekiru｣ in Japanese that correspond to ｢Chinese Character verb+doeda｣ in Korean, the Chinese verb is combined to the main verb「doeda」 to be used as a transitive verb with a meaning of possibility. Here, the corresponding Chinese verb also corresponds to「dekiru」in Japanese that has a meaning of possibility. To sum up, the paper examined the common grounds and differences in learning ｢Chinese Character verb+suru｣ through an investigation on its corresponding form. On the one hand, learning Japanese can be easier for Koreans as Chinese Character verbs of both languages have regular and productive forms. On the other hand, misuse of the verbs is highly likely due to little recognition about the differences. Hence, teaching method with special training on the differences will be able to prevent misuse among the learners.