철도 문화유산의 보존 실태와 향후 관리방안 연구

Abstract

산 관리 실태를 제시하면, 민영화 이전에는 국가차원에서 관리하였지만 민영화 이후에는 각 회사가 계승하여 보존하고 있다. 영국은 국가적인 차원에 보존하고 있으며, 중국 역시 2000년 이후부터 국가 차원에서 보존하고 있다. 프랑스는 철도운영회사와 지방자치단체가 협력하는 방식으로 보존하고 있다. 철도 박물관은 정부를 중심으로 민간과 지방자치단체, 철도운영자 등 협력하여 운영하고 있다. 철도 문화유산은 유산으로만 보존되는 것보다 곡성 섬진강 기차마을이나 우스이고개 철도마을처럼 살아 있는 교육의 장이 될 때 그 가치가 높아진다. 철도 문화유산으로 지정되어 일정장소에서 전시되는 12건의 보존 차량들은 유치와 전시만이 아니라 객차를 연결하여 전시관을 만들거나 관련 비품, 생활품 등을 함께 전시하여 직접 체험하는 장소가 되어야 한다. 특히 동태적 보존 중인 디젤전기기관차 2001호는 곡성 섬진강 기차마을 증기기관차나 우스이고개 토롯코 열차와 같이 동해 남부선 폐선 구간을 운행하도록 한다면 문화유산의 보존과 지역경제 활성화에도 도움이 될 수 있다. 이러한 변화와 쉬운 이용에서 국민적 관심도가 높아지며 철도의 대중화와 활성화에 도움이 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서 연구결과를 바탕으로 사회에 기여할 수 있는 실무적 시사점을 제시하면, 첫째, 국토교통부는 철도 문화유산 보존을 위하여 행정적, 재정적 지원을 아끼지 말아야 한다. 둘째, 철도 운영기관인 철도공사는 의왕 철도박물관이 더욱 활성화될 수 있도록 경영진의 관심과 문화유산에 대한 소명의식이 필요하다. 셋째, 지방자치단체는 관리주체가 되어 철도공사, 철도시설공단과 협력하여 문화유산으로 지정, 보존 중인 역사(驛舍)와 급수탑, 차량들을 보존하여야 한다. 넷째, 철도와 관련된 문화유산의 가치에 대한 일반 국민들의 관심을 이끌 수 있는 동호인들의 커뮤니티를 활성화 시켜야 한다. 이상과 같이 문화유산의 관리 실태를 살펴보고, 외국사례를 조사, 분석하여 철도 문화유산의 활성화 방안과 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다. 따라서 국민들의 생활 속에서 함께할 때 115년의 역사를 자랑하며 발전해 온 철도차량의 문화유산은 자리 잡을 수 있다.

Study on Current Preservation Status of Railway Cultural Heritage and Future Management Plans - Based on railroad cars-

Minjae Seok

Department of History, The General Graduate School Pukyong National University

Abstract

Railroad is not only a new transportation means but also a symbol of modernization that has brought innovative changes and renovation to the development of Korea and significantly influenced on lives of citizens. Considering the 115years of history and tradition, it is not a splendid structure or facility but is regarded as a meaningful existence with cultural value to be handed down to the next generation. Especially, it has brought development and changes in transportation as a symbol of modernization and served as an important role of connecting the modern and contemporary era and also the future. However, there have been insufficient studies to be handed down to the next generation after developing them further. This study is intended to research the promotion plans depending on the current situation of management of railway cultural assets. In order to achieve this goal, field was examined based on railway among cultural assets identifying the current situations of management. In addition, cases related to railroad cultural asset in developed foreign countries were investigated and analyzed. Based on them, it was intended to improve the value of promotion plans for cultural assets by arousing the national attention. There are total 66 railroad cultural assets in Korea that 1 case is designated as a historical site, and remaining 65 cases are assigned as registered cultural properties. Among them, there are only 13 railroad cars that take up about 20% of the whole. 13 railroad cars designated as registered cultural properties are spreaded throughout the nation. Therefore, I have visited in person confirming the status of vehicles and recorded the image to identify current situations of management. They were fairly well reserved. However, most of them were useless other than for display purposes. Preserved cultural assets represent the history of joys and sorrows as well as stories in the past as the railroads and also facilities that had been operated before the Korean War. Therefore, it is needed to make an effort to introduce the historical value of current status of vehicles and modernization procedures instead of separating them from the vicissitudes of the railroad. There is only one railroad car that is currently preserved. It shall be regarded not only as an old monument but also as a cultural asset representing the spirit of ancestors and artistic value of lives in the past. As for cases in foreign countries, the current situations of preserving railroad cultural assets in Japan can be suggested. Before privatization, they were managed by the government. However, after they were privatized, each of the companies kept on preserving them. In England, they are being managed by the nation. In China, they have been preserved by the government since 2000. France is managing them in cooperation with railroad operation companies and local autonomous groups. Railroad museum is managed in cooperation with private sectors, local autonomous groups, and railroad operators based on the government. Railroad cultural assets become highly valuable not when they are preserved as a heritage but when they are regarded as a place for education such as train village at Sumjin River in Gokseong or railroad village in Usui Pass. 12 vehicles preserved and displayed at a certain place after being designated as railroad cultural assets shall be the place for experiencing the items or daily goods in person by establishing the museum in connection with passenger cars as well as for exhibition. Especially, 2001 diesel-electric locomotives preserved in moveable state might be of a help for promoting local economy and preserving cultural assets if it can operate on the closed Donghae Nambu line along with Torokko train at Usui Pass or a steam locomotive from train village at Sumjin River in Gokseong. National interest will be raised by such changes and convenient use that can promote railroads cultural assets to be popularized. As for implications to be practically suggested as a contribution to society based on the result of this study, first of all, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transportation needs to fully support administration and policies for preserving railroad cultural assets. Secondly, Railroad Corporation, the railroad operating institution, is in need of vocation on the cultural assets and interest of the management to promote railroad museum in the city of Uiwang. Third, local autonomous groups are needed to preserve station buildings, water towers, and vehicles that are being designated and preserved as cultural assets in cooperation with Railroad Corporation and Korea Rail Network Authority Act. Fourth, community clubs shall be promoted to arouse national attention on the value of cultural assets related to railroad. As mentioned above, this study has identified current situations of the management of cultural assets, investigated and analyzed cases in foreign countries, and suggested measures for promoting railroad cultural assets and practical implications. Therefore, railroad cultural assets developed throughout 115years of history.