한국산 꼼치과(쏨뱅이목) 어류의 분류 및 꼼치(Liparis tanakae)의 계통지리학적 연구

Abstract

The snailfishes (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) is a large group of fish that needs taxonomic reviews because of a potential taxonomical confusion due to its great similarity in external morphology between species and a variation of its body color and size. This study has been performed using molecular phylogenies and taxonomy for 10 species in 3 genera which has been reported around the Korean waters to understand interrelationship within its family, and to manage their fisheries resources. As a results of morphological analysis, Liparis was observed well separated in two subgenera based on the fused range of dorsal and anal fins with the caudal fin (Subgenus Neoliparis less than 1/3 of its length (only in Liparis chefuensis) vs. Subgenus Careliparis more than 1/2 of its length (in others)). The results were also agreed by molecular analysis using sequences from mitochondrial DNA COI region, but nuclear DNA RAG2 region indicates little difference. Liparis ingens among liparid fishes are newly reported by Gilbert and Burke (1912) based on specimens collected from the East Sea in Korea, and they were distinguished in the location of jaws, body depth, habitat depth compared to the most similar species, Liparis ochotensis. However, in the present study, we compared and review L. ingens from Korea with L. ochotensis from Japan and Russia in detail. As a results, it is shown that two species were well corresponded in their morphology, therefore, we suggest its scientific name to be changed from L. ingens to L. ochotensis. The tanaka's snailfish, Liparis tanakae (Gilbert & Burke, 1912), is known to be very important commercial fish resource, distributed on all coasts of Korea, Japan, and East China Sea. For it’s appropriate management, we investigated population structure of L. tanakae around the Korean waters. We analyzed the mitochondrial DNA cyt b for 79 individuals, which were sampled from three localities (Boryeong, Yellow Sea; Jinhae, Korean Strait; Pohang, East Sea) along the Korean coast. We also analyzed morphological variation based on 20 morphometric and 4 meristic characters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on 20 morphometric characters showed three localities were extensively overlapped. However, Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) showed clear separation with relation to each locality. The loadings for distance between snout and disk (0.195) and distance between disk and anus (0.243) were the largest on CAN1 and CAN2, respectively. There are significant differences between the three localities in mtDNA cyt b. These results suggest that Korean tanaka's snailfish may comprise at least two distinct populations depending on locality. According to the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives' sales report for the most recent 9 years (2005∼2013) in Korea, it is realized that the landings of L. tanakae was increased from late October to the following March, especially in the southern sea, thus we analyze a correlation between landings and the amount of releasing juveniles of L. tanakae (t0.05(2),7=3.7677,p<0.05). In conclusion, the population size and genetic structure of L. tanakae may be affected by the size of releasing juveniles of L. tanakae.