다중이용업소의 화재시뮬레이션

Abstract

This study set out to make a more engineering-based approach to the early expansion process and fire reconstruction of singing room fires through the FDS program, analyze and understand the causes of fire and human damage, and help to apply the fire-fighting facilities and prevent accidents in advance. For those purposes, the study selected a specific case of the fire in a singing room called "S" located in Seomyeon, Busan in May, 2012, interpreted the fire with fire dynamics simulation, and estimated the causes of death, thus reaching the following conclusions:

1. The smokes stemming from the point of ignition after the fire broke out deteriorated the visibility of the main exit before the spread of flames, which must have made it difficult to evacuate to the main exit given the characteristics of multiple available premises with accessibility to many random people.

2. The room where the fire broke out was located near the main exit and the emergency exit. As a result, the temperature at the height of breathing line went up over the upper limit of safety 200℃, which made it impossible to enter the evacuation route.

3. The fire dynamics simulation results show that smokes rapidly spread toward the halls leading to the exits and toward the main exit, which result almost matches the actual CCTV footage.

4. As the temperature and visibility of the main exit grew worse, those who failed to evacuate to the main evacuation route were not able to find other safe evacuation routes, were long exposed to toxic gases of low concentration, and thus suffocated or died. In addition, the illegal purposes blocked the security of two-way evacuation, and the evacuation passage was restricted by luggage, which resulted in a large number of casualties.

5. Those findings raise a need to secure an escape and install mechanical smoke exhaustion and easy sprinkler systems at multiple available premises.