조류충돌 평가를 위한 GIS 기반 조사기법 및 충돌평가 방법의 개발

Abstract

Aviation accidents such as bird strikes result in enormous social costs and ecological disturbances. Therefore, when the government selects a potential airport site, it is necessary to avoid a place where many birds live such as bird sanctuaries or major bird habitats nearby it. In reality, however, some of Korean airports currently in operation are located on or near the migratory bird sanctuaries and the new airports are also being planned to be on or near the bird habitats as well due to other prioritized conditions such as landscape and social-economic issues. The Korean government is planning to build some new airports to improve transportation environment and boost the travel industry. Since these locations are near the bird sanctuaries, it is necessary to examine all risk factors associated with bird collisions and need to come up with countermeasures for them. The assessment for the risk of bird strike should utilize the bird strike data from nearby airports with similar ecological conditions and characteristics. It should also consider the dynamic spatial analysis which include habitat types, resting sites, feeding sites, and migration routes. As, however, the current environmental impact assessment only considers the number and diversity of the birds, the current assessment methods are difficult to understand the characteristics of the area and the ecosystem. Accordingly, we develop a GIS-based bird collision model that can collect data reflecting bird behavior patterns and spatial information and evaluate the risk of bird collision based on local habitat environments and bird spatio-temporal ecological information. We also compare and analyze single and multi-matrix models respectively to secure the reliability of GIS-based evaluation models. We can complement the shortcomings of single-matrix models, which are simply evaluated as bird weights and collision cases, and multi-matrix models that can be overestimated by subjective judgments, frequency of observations, and the investigator's observation domain. The GIS-based bird collision evaluation model is a model that evaluates the risk of bird collision with an ecological approach, reflecting the space and bird behavior information used by birds. These GIS investigation techniques and bird collision evaluation models are applicable to development projects with bird collision risk, and can be used to evaluate the location feasibility of the development domain.