현대 여성시에 나타난 '몸의 시학' 연구

Abstract

This is about 'body's poetics' appearing in women's modern poems focusing on the poems of Kim Eonhui, Na Huideok, and Kim Seonu. The three poets debuted around the 1990s and tried writing poems using the concept of 'woman's body'. The reason they pay attention to 'body' is as follows: most existing research of women’s poems dealt with feminism, ecology, and eco-feminism and the discussion on 'body' as a subject is limited to individual poets in the 1980s. The debate of the concept of body in women’s poems after 1990s are rare and most of the time they understand woman’s body as the origin of the world without the characteristics of it, or they focus on life while only mentioning the characteristics. As a result they lack variety in the poems. This paper studies the meaning of 'bodies' in the poems of Kim Eonhui, Na Huideok, Kim Seonu focusing on the variability of woman’s body including the productivity and relationship. The 'bodies' in their poems are meant not only ‘the origin of body’ but also the body flowing from the origin. It seems that they represent the women poets’ self-awareness of rebirth as a new body disconnecting from the past body. They show women as subjects and their relationship with others. They can be a device of overcoming the deepening social problems after the 1990s such as a loss of humanity and an absence of communication by bringing up women’s bodies. For a concrete understanding of the meaning of women’s bodies, this thesis refers to the debate of French feminists Julis Kristeva, Helene Cixous, and Luce Irigaray who take notice of the changeability and plurality of women’s bodies, The body presented by the French feminists have in common: the pre-Oedipus mother's womb where a mother and a child exist together, or the body existing there is the body trying to separate from the mother's body, or the body where a mother and a child co-exist. However the methods of formation are different one another. The core concept of body shown by Julis Kristeva is 'segregation'. 'Abject' is a body waste separated by the symbolic womb and an apparatus to subvert the meaning of sexuality and motherhood ruled in existing order. On the other hand Cixous emphasizes the woman's identity of dual existence. A dual identity is shown in a pre-Oedipus space where a child (including a boy) and a mother are connected as one. Its purpose is to abundantly show the woman's body, which is regarded as a deficiency in patriarchal system. Luce Irigaray's debate is similar to Cixous' in many ways. However there are also differences. Cixous emphasizes the 'Plural' but Luce Irigaray sets limits to feminine gender and stresses the strongly sexually-identifying woman. The debates of three feminists clearly differ in the aspect of segregation (Julis Kristeva) and surplus (Cixous, Luce Irigaray). In the explanation of surplus feminism, they are also different. Cixous uses bisexual and Irigaray uses specific sex. The works of the three overlap like pleat showing the segregation, pluralism and changeability of the body, but the formation methods are definitely different. In Kim Eonhui's poems, the body is shown as a hole or a thing. The feces from it destruct the whole body and erase the relationship with others. Its strategy is to ruin the meaning of women described as men's sexual toys and a tool for giving birth in patriarchy system. In Na Huideok’s poems, the body is expressed as the one holding others or the one giving a birth, but at the same time as reborn nature. The speakers in the poems emphasize the creative productivity of woman's body by expressing the discovery of such motherhood and sympathy. In Kim Seonu's poems, the motherhood is the nature's body which embraces others and it violates the dichotomy logic itself. The sensuality of the body shows the strong sensual pleasures of woman. This reveals both the productivity of motherhood and the relationship with others as a sexual subject. Though the three poets’ styles of showing the body is different, they have in common their assertions that highlight the characteristics of woman’s body to describe the woman as a subjective thing and her equal relationship with man. The difference, concept of pluralism and sense of diversity shown by Kim Eonhui, Na Huideok, Kim Seonu have their own individualities, but as a whole they present a new way of harmonious life in community. They influence our current life a lot. Such a proper approach can be a good activate plan for studying women’s poems whose research has been thus biased.

〔Key words〕Woman's body, Symbol, Difference, Plural