Effects of several seaweed extracts on rhizoid formation of the red alga Porphyra suborbiculata
- Alternative Title
- 김 가근 형성에 대한 여러 해조류 추출물 들의 효과
- Abstract
- Abstract
Marine algae and invertebrates are major fouling organisms causing considerable structural and economic damage to man-made structures such as ship hulls, aquaculture nets and pilings. Most antifouling techniques have relied on organotin (tributyltin) or heavy metals based paints that act as broad spectrum toxins to target and non-target marine organisms. So, naturally occurring antifouling compounds are the most promising alternatives to prevent the attachment of fouling organisms. Therefore, in this study we have investigated the anti-attachment and enhancing activities of 18 seaweed extracts against the known fouling species of red algae, Porphyra suborbiculata. At both tested concentrations of 20 and 200 µg/ mL culture medium, Hizikia fusiformis extract showed the highest inhibitory effect on the rhizoid production, rhizoid growth and germinated and juvenile blade growth. Also, extracts from Ulva pertusa, Enteromorpha linza, Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum horneri, Ecklonia cava showed significant growth inhibition activities (P < 0.01). In contrast, the Codium fragile extract enhanced the rhizoid production with same concentrations. Also H. fusiformis methanol extract inhibited the growth of the spores from both U. pertusa and U. pinnatifida and reduced the attachment of the diatoms Naviculata annexa and Nitzchia pungens (P < 0.05). Among the five fractions isolated from the H. fusiformis extract, ethyl acetate, chloroform-methanol and methanol fractions have shown significant inhibitory activities against the growth of the P. suborbiculata spore. In open silca-gel-column fractionation of this extract, among the five elutes collected the highest inhibition of the P. suborbiculata spore was found in the acetonirile fraction. The acetonitrile fraction was further fractionated gradiently and the (8:2) dichloromethane to acetonitrile fraction has showed the highest inhibitory activities. Sixteen peaks were collected using Reverese-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography separation of this fraction. Among these peaks Peak 6, 8, 10 and 12 have showed the highest inhibitory activities. Primarly, peak 10 was separated into 6 peaks isocratically further. Among the 6 peaks, Peak 10-3 was found with highest inhibitory activities of the fouling spore P. suborbiculata based on inhibition of rhizoid formation, germination and juvenile blade length.
Key words: Inhibitory, enhancing, Hizikia fusiformis, Codium fragile, Porphyra suborbiculata, rhizoid production
- Issued Date
- 2015
- Awarded Date
- 2015. 8
- Type
- Dissertation
- Publisher
- PUKYONG NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
- Affiliation
- PUKYONG NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
- Department
- 대학원 생물공학과
- Advisor
- Professor Yong-Ki Hong
- Table Of Contents
- CONTENTS
List of Figures………………………………………………… IV
List of Tables…………………………………………………… V
Abstract……………………………………………………… 1
1. Chapter 1. Screening of different seaweeds for inhibitory and enhancement activities on rhizoid formation of the red alga Porphyra suborbiculata……………………………… 3
1.1. Introduction…………………………………………… 4
1.2. Materials and Methods…………………………… 16
1.2.1. Collection and extraction of seaweeds……… 16
1.2.2. Spore culturing and bioassay………………… 16
1.2.3. Diatom attachment…………………………… 19
1.2.4. Statistical analysis…………………………… 20
1.3. Result………………………………………………… 21
1.3.1. Activity on rhizoid production, rhizoid length and germination of Porphyra suborbiculata spore. 21
1.3.2. Effects of different concentrations of Hizikia fusiformis methanol extract…………… 28
1.3.3. Effects of different concentration of Codium fragile methanol extract………………… 31
1.3.4. Growth rate of Porphyra suborbiculata spore in seawater…………………………… 34
1.3.5. Growth rate of Porphyra suborbiculata spore upon Hizikia fusiformis extract……… 37
1.3.6. Growth rate of Porphyra suborbiculata spore upon Codium fragile extract…………… 39
1.3.7. Effect of Hizikia fusiformis and Codium fragile methanol extracts on other seaweed spores and diatom…………………………… 42
1.4. Discussion……………………………………………… 49
1.5. Conclusion…………………………………………… 53
1.6. References……………………………………………… 54
2. Chapter 2. Isolation of active compounds from the brown seaweed Hizikia fusiformis………………………………… 60
2.1. Introduction…………………………………………… 61
2.2. Materials and Methods…………………………… 65
2.2.1. Collection and extraction of seaweeds……… 65
2.2.2. Spore culturing and bioassay………………… 65
2.2.3. Fractionation of Hizikia fusiformis and Codium fragile methanol extract………… 66
2.2.4. Silcagel open-column fractionation of Hizikia fusiformis methanol extract chloroform fraction 68
2.2.5. Further open column fractionation of the acet-onitrile portion of the chloroform fraction… 69
2.2.6. Thin-Layer Chromatography and UV/VIS spctrophotometer scanning of the acetonitrile fraction 69
2.2.7. Reverse-Phase High-Performance-Liquid Chr-omatography analysis of the acetonitrile fraction………… 70
2.2.8. Statistical analysis…………………………… 71
2.3. Results……………………………………………… 72
2.3.1. Comparison of fractions of Hizikia fusiformis and Codium fragile methanol extract on rhizoid production………………………………………… 72
2.3.2. Effects of different fractions of the chloroform fraction of Hizikia fusiformis methanol extract on rhizoid production……………………………… 80
2.3.3. Effects of the acetonitrile fraction of the chlor-oform fraction on rhizoid production………… 84
2.3.4. Thin-Layer-Chromatpgraphy and UV/VIS sp-ctrophotometer scanning of the acetonitrile fraction………… 87
2.3.5. Reverse-Phase-High-Performance Chromatog-raphy analysis of the acetonitrile fraction………… 90
2.4. Discussion……………………………………………… 96
2.5. Conclusion……………………………………………… 99
2.6. References……………………………………………… 101
Abstract (Korean)……………………………………………… 106
Acknowledgements…………………………………………… 108
- Degree
- Master
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