인명 생존율 향상을 위한 선박 구조 개선에 관한 연구

Abstract

In this paper the related regulations were reviewed and fire simulations and evacuation simulations were carried out in order to analyze the influence of ship structure improvement on life safety. Fire dynamics simulator for fire simulations and Pathfinder for evacuation simulations were used. First, this paper suggested the size from the standpoint of life safety in relation to the citadel which protects the life of crew when a ship is seized by pirates. Decrease in the Required Safe Escape Time(RSET) through increase in the height of the accommodation and width of corridor and evacuation exit of a ship was analyzed. In addition, the influence of draft curtain on reduction in Available Safe Escape Time(ASET) was analyzed. The results of this research are summarized as follows:

As there is no standard of the size and height of citadel in ship facilities standards, revision of the standards is required. The Korean Register of Shipping(KR) defines the floor space per capita as more than 0.85 but there is no standard on it's height. As a result of analysis of the floor space and height of citadel by taking into account the evacuation threshold limit value, it was confirmed that the time for getting to ASET exceeded 17.1 seconds, which are the REST, in time of a fire less than 1MW when the floor space was more than 6.25/person and the height was more than 3m. In other words, ASET was met only after all crew were done with evacuation, through which this paper confirmed that the floor space and height of citadel had a big influence on the life safety. As a result of measuring the temperature at the spot 10m distant from the origin of a fire in case the height of the accommodation was increased by 30cm from 2m to 2.3m, the time for getting to ASET value 40.8 seconds in case of 2.0m, and 96.6 second in case of 2.3m, showing improvement by 136.8%.

In case of visibility range, the time for getting to ASET from the spot 20m distant from the fire area was found to be 92.4 seconds in case of 2.0m, and 201.6 seconds in case of 2.3m, showing improvement by 118.2%. Such a result revealed that the ASET increase on a large scale in case the height of the ship accommodation was increased by 30cm.

As a result of the analysis of the influence of the width of a corridor and evacuation exit on survival of human life, it was found that there was a big influence on the decrease in the RSET when crowd density was more than 0.5 person/, and width was increased by 50cm in case of a corridor. In addition, in case of an evacuation exit, it was confirmed that the RSET decreased when crowd density was more than 0.3 person/, and width increased by 50cm.

Installation of a draft curtain, which wasn't installed at the existing ship was suggested. In case the length 30cm, temperature was 31.1℃, showing improvement by 6.6%. And in case the length 40cm, temperature was 27℃, showing improvement by 18.9%. As for visibility range reduction rate, it improved by 57% with 21.2m in case the length of a draft curtain was 20cm comparing to 13.5m in case of the absence of a draft curtain. In addition, in case a draft curtain was more than 30cm, it was found that there was no reduction in visibility range due to smoke. Accordingly, this paper could confirm that the draft curtain in length of more than 30cm was effective in the life safety.