잔가시 모자반 및 외톨개 모자반 추출물의 미백 및 주름 개선 효과

Abstract

From the last decay economic growth has been brought high standards of living and its leading to increase in the aged population. Thus high interest has been given healthy foods. The demand has been growing steadily of food products which present the adult diseases and aging problem. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be a major contributor to degenerative diseases of aging. Excessive production of ROS leads to oxidative stress, loss of cell function, and ultimately apoptosis or necrosis. This oxidative stress may be related to many disorders such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and liver cirrhosis. Antioxidants can protect animals from the effects of ROS. Thus, antioxidants widely use in human dietary supplements to boost health and reduce the risk of diseases. In skin, as well as all organs, ageing is caused by a combination of factors. Metabolic processes and mitochondria cause increases in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause damage to all cellular macromolecules, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Environmental factors such as smoke, pollution and ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure make important contributions to ageing, particularly to skin ageing. Damage and loss of collagen (which provides skin filament), elastin (which supplies skin elasticity and rebound) and glycosaminoglycans (which keep the skin hydrated) result in the appearance of roughness, uneven tone, brown patches, thin skin and deep wrinkles. Prevention methods include sun protection, antioxidant. A product's wrinkle prevention potential can be analyzed, in part, by its ability to sustain the level of collagen in skin. The collagen content of skin is the net balance between collagen synthesis and collagen breakdown. Age reduces collagen synthesis in human tissues including the skin. Environmental stress such as smoking, UV exposure, pollution and inflammation stimulate the production of collagen-degrading enzymes that causes collagen breakdown. Collagenase, one of the key collagen-degrading enzymes also called matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), is considered to be one of the central causes of skin aging. Therefore, agents that inhibit collagenase activity may have beneficial effects on maintaining healthy skin by preventing degradation of the dermal matrix. Sargassum micracanthum (SM) and Myagropsis myagroides (Mm) are a member of the family of Sargassum and are distributed prolifically along the coast of South Korea. Therefore, this study investigated the antioxidant activities, collagenase and tyrosinase inhibitor activity of extracts from SM and Mm. The antioxidant activities of extracts from SM and Mm was investigated using total phenolic compound (TPC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect, metal chelating effect, and reducing power. Sm ethanol extract showed higher DPPH radical scavenging and metal chelating effects (83.68 and 40% at 0.5 mg/mL, respectively) than those of water extract (89.76 and 23.28% at 0.5 mg/mL). For anti-wrinkling effect, Sm mthanol extract showed collagenase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 488.20 μg/mL. For anti-melanogenesis effects, Sm ethanol extract showed higher tyrosinase inhibitory activities(45.08% at 5 mg/mL) than those of water extract(21.29% at 5 mg/mL). Mm methanol extract showed higher DPPH radical scavenging effect (65.46% at 0.5 mg/mL, respectively) than those of water extract (16.68 at 0.5 mg/mL). For anti-wrinkling effect, Mm methanol extract showed collagenase inhibitory activity of 29.64% at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml. For anti-melanogenesis effects, Mm methanol extract showed higher tyrosinase inhibitory activities(10.78% at 5 mg/mL) than those of water extract(Less than 5% at 5 mg/mL). The Sm ethanol extract and Mm methanol extract was consecutively fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The hexane fraction from Sm ethanol extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging effect (78.99% at 0.5 mg/mL) and collagenase inhibitory acitivity (IC50 value of 51.08 μg/mL). The hexane fraction was separated using silica-gel column chromatography and 9 sub-fractions were obtained. The fraction eluted with CHCl3: MeOH=100:0 showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging effect (84.76% at 0.5 mg/mL) and collagenase inhibitory acitivity (IC50 value of 44.08 μg/mL). This fraction was purified by sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and 7 sub-fractions were obtained. Fraction 2 also showed a strong DPPH radical scavenging effect (91.05% at 0.5 mg/mL) and collagenase inhibitory acitivity (IC50 value of 43.56 μg/mL). Fraction 2 was purified by HPLC and 2 sub-fractions were obtained. Fraction 2-1 also showed a strong DPPH radical scavenging effect (94.16% at 0.5 mg/mL) and collagenase inhibitory acitivity (IC50 value of 38.67 μg/mL). The hexane fraction from Mm methanol extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging effect (96.36% at 0.5 mg/mL) and collagenase inhibitory acitivity (IC50 value of 712.21 μg/mL). The hexane fraction was separated using silica-gel column chromatography, and six subfractions were obtained. The fraction eluted with CHCl3:MeOH = 50:1 showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging effect (92.05% at 0.1 mg/mL) and collagenase inhibitory acitivity (IC50 value of 44.08 μg/mL). This fraction was purified using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and an octadecyl silica (ODS) Sepak cartridge, obtaining seven subfractions. Fraction (Fr.) 4 also showed a strong DPPH radical scavenging effect (95.51% at 0.1 mg/mL) and collagenase inhibitory acitivity (IC50 value of 41.56 μg/mL). Fr. 4 was purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and ODS Sepak cartridge, obtaining six subfractions. Fr. 4-1, 4-2 and 4-3 was identified as sargachromanol G, sargachromanol I and mojabanchromanol b, respectively. These results suggested that Sm and Mm have potential as source of natural anti-melanogenesis, anti-wrinkle and antioxidant resources.