조선후기 경상좌수영 營下坊里 연구

Abstract

A Study on the Villages controlled by the Navy Headquarters of Eastern Kyungsangdo during the Late Chosun Period

Chang Woo Lee

Department of History, The Graduate School, Pukyong National University

Abstract

The Navy Headquarters of Eastern Kyungsangdo was first established in Busanpo and later moved to Gaewoonpo of Ulsan, Gammanipo of Dongrae, and Namchon. It was the base of naval forces that lasted in Busan for approximately 240 years until it was abolished due to the military system reform in 1895.

The records of the base of naval forces unusually contain the parts about certain villages. It was a rare thing to record villages in the documents of military agency rather than administrative one. This study called them villages controlled by the Navy Headquarters of Eastern Kyungsangdo and set out to investigate their formation and characteristics.

As for their locations, they were all situated in an 8km radius from the Navy Headquarters of Eastern Kyungsangdo. They were granted new roles for the Navy Headquarters of Eastern Kyungsangdo after the mobilization system of naval forces was reformed in the latter part of Joseon. One of the new roles was mobilization for the naval forces, which was a background of their formation.

The relationships between them that started with the mobilization by the naval forces did not remain at the stage and evolved into mutual economic aid. The residents of those villages were not in a good economic situation, given the characteristics of fishing villages. The Navy Headquarters of Eastern Kyungsangdo also suffered financial difficulties due to the decreased income after the enactment of Gyunyeok Act. Navy Headquarters of Eastern Kyungsangdo provided the residents of the villages organized into the naval forces with a variety of economic benefits including salaries, the right to cultivate Dunjeon, and tax cuts on marine products. The residents made economic contributions through the taxes levied on the operation of its Dunjeon and fishing grounds.

The villages could not help forming dual relations with Dongraebu in the administrative terms and Navy Headquarters of Eastern Kyungsangdo in the other terms. The village people were thus excessively exposed to the military service imposed by the two agencies. Leading the villages, the Hyangchon groups tried to raise their status in the Hyangchon by performing the officer duties both in the Navy Headquarters of Eastern Kyungsangdo and Dongraebu.