Preparation and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles for anti-cancer drug delivery

Abstract

In recent periods, the research expansion in drug delivery and cancer treatment is gaining attention. Treating the cancer by using drug still remain the hole by its effectiveness and precision on the cancer target. Piperlongumine is a bioactive compound isolated from long piper that gaining interest as selectively cancer drug with high percent of effectivity to treat the cancer. Furthermore, chitosan is a derivative product from chitin that already well known as material with biocompatibility instead of its bioactivity. Hence, chitosan nanoparticle base of drug carrier have been recently known as effective and biocompatible material to carry wide range of drug. In this study, we have been conducted to synthesize and characterize of piperlongumine loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PL-CSNPS). The PL-CSNPS characteristic were studied using particle size analyzer (PSA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The PL-CSNPS have 72% and 13.5 % of the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) respectively. The PL-CSNPS showed an average size 250 nm - 350 nm with polydisperse nanoparticle form. In vitro drug release study exhibited sustained release of piperlongumine with time. The PL-CSNPS also studied of cytotoxicity activity against AGS cell using MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The PL-CSNPS showed cytotoxicity activity against AGS cell with 50 % of death cell using 20 g/mL of PL-CSNPS. The PL-CSNPS also studied the reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement using H2DCF-DA method, the AGS cells apoptosis analysis using annexin V/PI staining and FACS analysis. The result shows that PL-CSNPS effectively induce cell apoptotic of AGS cells by reactive oxygen species that lead the cell dead.