노인공동생활가정의 주거환경 평가모형 개발과 적용

Abstract

After the revolution in 1945, our country has experienced the great changes in the rapid industrialization and the ‘five year plan of economic development’ in 1960. Rather than a gradual change, this kind of rapid change caused problems related to populations and our society. Especially as baby-boomer generations after Korean War gets old, the number of aged people is increasing sharply and since the family is getting smaller with economical development, supporting that the elderly has become the crucial responsibility not only for the family members but also for our societies. The government makes plans and policies of the housing welfare for the elderly to regulate the elderly housing and medical welfare facility based on the Welfare of the Aged Act. However, it is not suitable for the elderly who have tendency to prefer familiar environments. Therefore, the necessity of the housing welfare extended from the family home environment is widely acknowledged. At the present, the senior congregate family is one of the most closest forms of elderly residential facilities extended from the family home. Senior congregate home is the elderly residential facilities that sublate to receive a standardized senior residential environment and provide a variety of service in the homelike surroundings. This is a similar concept with Group-home of USA and European countries. However, since it is in the primary stage of the operation, social norms are not clear and the plan of the living environment is not well established. In this research, temporal investigation of senior congregate family, which is one of the housing welfare for the elderly, was conducted and the result will be utilized as the basic data of senior congregate family in the future. In the research the field investigation of 10 senior congregate families located at Kyeongsang-do area was conducted and the questionnaire investigation was conducted for the analysis. The analysis method is separated in two standards: physical and psychological standard. Since the analysis of this study is based on related laws and regulations by Welfare for Aged Act, standards of senior congregate family represent the physical environmental standards and the same standards are reconstructed to represent psycological environment standards. Physical configuration assessment used the 3point scales and psychological assessment used 5point scales for the analysis. According to the results, it is indicated that the senior congregate families are still in the transitional stage, being unable to address definite architectural design standards. The living environments of the senior congregate families are regulated by the housing welfare facilities of Elderly Welfare Facilities and the set standards only indicate installation of facilities within the building and fire safety matters. Therefore, in the results of temporal investigation, the evaluations of each space are low due to the neglected characteristics of the elderly who have high needs for the external spaces where they can rest and spend leisure times. In addition, while the structural parts of the building like effective width received high scores after analysing the result of living environment of each family, the installation and standards of the facility like door knobs received low scores. These findings indicate that there is a possibility that the living environment can be improved by the will of the operators of the senior congregate families, and this would be the positive step for improving the future senior congregate families. Based on the survey results of senior congregate families in Gyeongsang-do area in Korea, three following directions are suggested to improve senior congregate families. 1) The senior congregate families should accept the demands of the elderly for aging in place, and should be installed in downtown area, not in the outskirts. 2）To meet the demand of the elderly for outer space, including garden, residential satisfaction in senior congregate family through outdoor space activation and the sense of psychological stability of the elderly should be considered. 3) The criteria regarding residential environments of the senior congregate home and the consistent standards related in Space Design will be required through the further study of the purpose, the method and the unit standard about the senior congregate home to make it effectual.