도시가로의 야간경관 공공디자인이 도심이미지와 이용자 만족에 미치는 영향

Abstract

Downtown, referring to a city’s center, is the heart of city where a mass of activities—commercial, administerial, traffic, cultural, shopping, residential, etc.—are concentrated. Busan consists of two downtowns—Nampo-dong and Seomyeon. Seomyeon, one of the major downtowns in Busan that meet citizens’ desire for leisure and tourists’ needs, serves as the epicenter of Busan’s urban culture, creating a streetscape encompassing urban trends. Urban streetscape not only plays important roles in urban activities but provides a variety of opportunities for urban people, with a high number of visitors. It is also a tourist destination with economic values and opportunities. With a growing amount of daytime and night-time activities of urban people and tourists over recent years, there have been efforts to satisfy these needs by enhancing night-time urban landscape. The efforts to ensure higher urban quality and better night-time landscape has led to increased interests in night-time streetscape public designs that help contribute to the development of city as a tourist destination. In this paper, a survey was conducted on Seomyeon where a wide range of urban activities take place and which forms a unique streetscape as a tourist destination. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects on urban image and user satisfaction of night-time streetscape public design in Seomyeon, and to provide a set of policy alternatives to facilitate the development of urban tourism. In particular, Seomyeon has recently grown as an increasingly popular tourist attraction for tourists visiting Busan, with the designation by the Busan government of ‘Seomyeon Medical Street’, the district encompassing a total of 160 cosmetic and other medical clinics, and the establishment of Busan Citizens Park and Song Sang-hyeon Square (also known as Song Sang-hyeon Plaza). Based on a review of literature on the relations between public design and urban image, and the relations between public design and user satisfaction, this paper proposed 2 main hypotheses and 14 sub-hypotheses to test their relations. The results of the study concluded three notable data points. First, 31 survey items—aesthetics, identity, welfare, accessibility, safety, sustainability, and availability—were drawn as the seven public design factors of downtown night-time streetscape in Busan. Second, test results showed that public design had significant correlation with urban image. Seven survey items—bright, colorful, unique, modern, pleasure-seeking, dynamic, and diverse—were withdrawn from literature review to express urban image. Five survey items—bright, colorful, dynamic, pleasure-seeking and diverse—had significant correlation with urban image. Aesthetics, accessibility and availability had significant correlation with urban image, and in particular, identity had negative correlation with urban image. Third, test results found that public design had significant correlation with user satisfaction. Four survey items were withdrawn from literature review to analyze the relations between public design and user satisfaction. Public design factors—safety, welfare, identity, sustainability, etc.—had significant correlation with user satisfaction. The outcomes of the study suggested the need for further improvement in three areas. First, there should be further studies on more diverse urban public designs, considering this paper limited to a specific downtown streetscape. Given perceived differences shown in test results, there should be additional research on methodologies that would reflect the opinions of users in a positive manner. Second, further studies are needed to meet the functional and practical purposes of night-time lighting to enhance night-time attractiveness, the element to diversify urban public design Third, achieving the goal of public design—to improve public environment—requires an easy and user-friendly access for everyone. However, ensuring the effective use of public spaces in a city at night calls for consideration of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED), which is a multi-disciplinary approach to increase safety for urban people