5세기 초 중반 고구려 고분벽화의 수목을 통해 본 미륵상생신앙

Abstract

When in A.D. 372 the Northern Chinese Early Qin(前秦) Dynasty sent a monk, a Buddhist image and the Buddhist scriptures. This is the first official record of Koguryo's Buddhism. At that time, It was Taoist Buddhism from the China and Koguryo People had Maitreya Belife in Heaven(Sangsaeng faith) judging from tomb murals in early-mid 5th century. The Koguryo people wished to be born in Dosolcheon(兜率天) where Maitreya is living to enlighten for god and man. And they wished to come down with Maitreya because Maitreya will save the human world people in the future. Buddha was spiritually awakened under the Pippala tree in Bodh Gaya of India. All Buddhists around the world think that the Pippala tree is so holy that they wish to see it and pray under the tree. We can find out the relationship such Buddhism Tree Idea and Maitreya Belife in Koguryo tomb murals. In this paper, A case study is implemented among wall paintings in the Tomb of the Wrestlers(Kakjeochong), Muyongchong and Jangcheon tomb No. 1 which are located in Jian region, as these pictures are related to motifs found in many buddhist themes of early-mid 5th century. Moreover, there are many walls with trees, considering the tradition of Koguryo mural tombs. The most of the expression about trees were the archaic style. Those archaic trees were symbolic of the connection between heaven and earth. The meaning of trees in these three tombs includes not only original tree worship culture but also Buddhism tree worship culture. It is not clear that what kind of tree appeared on the wall painting, but it is certain that a holy tree was very important in their everyday lives. Especially, Jangcheon tomb No. 1 showed strong affinity to Buddhist themes like Buddha, Bodhisattvas, flying female angels, lotus designs, flames and holy tree. Therefore, tree worship of Koguryo's society could not help but change from original meaning to Buddhism meaning little by little. On the other hand, the holy tree was Jambu tree in the Tomb of the Wrestlers. Jambu tree is a meditation tree in Buddhism. The holy trees in Muyongchong were lotus flowers and Boddhism Tree similar. In Jangcheon tomb No. 1, the Buddhhism holy trees were separated as Yongwhasu in Yebuldo(禮佛圖) and Chilbo Tree in Bekhigiakdo(百喜技樂圖). Jangcheon tomb No. 1 reflsects Dosolcheon Tree Idea and Bodhi Tree of Maitreya which is behind the flaming halo of Buddha. Most of all, the Boddhi Tree(Yongwhasu) in Jangcheon tomb No. 1 inclueds a belife Matreya Sangseng and Haseng. Such describe of holy tree was originated Northern China Dynasty and Central Asian. Besides, the Boddhi Tree retains the Gandhara style. As a result, We can realize about Maitreya Belief in heaven of Koguryo for Tree in Tomb of the Wrestlers, Muyongchong, Jangcheon tomb No. 1