Bernstein의 사고도구를 활용한 미술활동이 유아의 창의성 및 그리기표상능력에 미치는 효과

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of art activities using Bernstein's 13 tools for thinking on the creativity and drawing representational ability of preschoolers. The subjects in this study were 37 preschoolers in a kindergarten located in the city of Busan, who were at the western age of five. An experimental group and a control group were respectively made up of 19 and 18 young children. The experimental group engaged in art activities using Bernstein's tools for thinking in 22 sessions for 11 weeks, and the control group engaged in routine art activities in accordance with the Nuri curriculum. The instrument used to assess the creativity of the preschoolers was the figural form A of Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, and the instrument used to evaluate their drawing representational ability was Ji Seong-ae(2001)'s Drawing Representational Ability Rating Scale. The collected data were analyzed by a statistical package SPSS 18.0, and ANCOVA was utilized. The findings of the study were as follows: As for the test results of the experimental group in overall creativity and each subfactor of it, there were statistically significant differences in every subfactor of it except title abstractness, which were fluency, originality, elaboration and resistance to premature closure. Second, regarding the test results of the experimental group in overall drawing representational ability and th subfactor of it, there were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in every subfactor of it except combination of basic figure and line and picture completion, which were diverse colors, detailed description, harmonious composition, diverse forms, theme-related representation, creativity of representation and articulation of representation and language. The findings of the study suggest that Bernstein's 13 tools for thinking, which are observation, imagery, abstractness, pattern awareness, pattern formation, inference, thinking through the body, empathy, directional thinking, model making, play, transformation and integration, have positive effects on the improvement of the creativity and drawing representational ability of the preschoolers by providing the kinds of activities and environment that stimulated them to freely exert their perception and thinking without any restrictions. Therefore Bernstein's tools for thinking could be utilized as one of effective teaching methods to boost the creativity of preschoolers.