Long Range and Multiple Input Transmission Mobile Camera Sensor-based VLC for Environment Monitoring System
- Alternative Title
- 환경 관찰 시스템을 위한 카메라 센서 기반 장거리 다중입력 통신
- Abstract
- Visible light communication (VLC) is one of the new rising “next generation technology” which gain great attention from researcher around the world. VLC provided tons of advantage compare to RF communication and various possibilities to be implemented in place where RF communication is prohibited such as hospital. However, most of the VLC researches using PD (Photo Diode) unfortunately show several critical limitations such as transmission distance and/or system complexity. Many researcher tried to extend the distance by adding lens and/or using high power LED, yet the performance doesn’t have much improvement. Replacement of LED by laser diode which emits high power light is also proposed, however it is undoubted that main benefit of VLC had been compromised since laser light is hazard to human. Thus in this study, a VLC method which replaced the PD by camera image sensor as a receiver was developed to extend the signal transmission distance and simple system implementation. Three transmission methods which have different characteristic in term of transmission distance, data rate and success transmission rate are developed. LED is used to transmit data in light beam while CMOS image sensor camera of mobile device is used to receive data transmitted simultaneously from multiple sensor modules in long distance with hazardless LED light beam. Captured images are processed and data is reconstructed in mobile device. An environment monitoring system which implemented mobile camera image sensor-based VLC is built. Temperature data, humidity data and CO2 concentration data are collected by sensor modules and transmitted using LEDs from multiple locations. Proposed system had been setup in various indoor environment to prove the robustness of the system. Lastly, a real time multi-transmission environment monitoring system with long transmission range and low error rate by using mobile camera sensor-based VLC is successfully developed for hazardless long term environment monitoring.
가시광 통신(VLC; visible light communication)은 세계적으로 연구자들의 큰 관심을 얻고 있는 새롭게 떠오르는 “차세대 기술” 중 하나이다. 가시광 통신(VLC)은 RF 통신과 비교했을 때 많은 이점을 가지며, RF통신이 금지된 병원과 같은 장소에서 활용할 수 있는 다양한 가능성들을 가진다. 안타깝게도, 포토 다이오드(PD; Photo Diode)를 이용한 대부분의 VLC 연구에서는 통신 거리가 짧거나 시스템이 복잡하다는 치명적인 한계를 보였다. 많은 연구자들이 렌즈를 활용하거나 고전력 LED를 이용함으로써 통신거리 문제를 해결하려고 시도하였으나, 상기 단점을 크게 개선하지는 못하였다. LED를 대신하여 강한 빛을 발산하는 레이저 다이오드(laser diode)를 사용하는 방법도 제안되었으나 레이저 빛은 인간에게 유해하므로, VLC의 주요 장점을 살리지 못한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는, PD를 대신하여 카메라 센서를 수신기로 사용하는VLC 방법이 개발되었다. 전송 거리, 데이터 전송 속도 및 성공적인 전송률의 관점에서 각각 다른 특징을 가지는 세가지 전송 기법이 개발되었다. 라이트 빔(light beam) 형태의 데이터 전송을 위해 LED를 사용하며, 다중센서 모듈로부터 나오는 신호를 안전한LED 라이트 빔(light beam)을 사용하여 장거리에서 동시에 전송하고, 전송된 데이터를 수신하기위해 모바일 장치의 CMOS이미지 센서를 사용하였다. 캡쳐된 이미지들이 처리되고 모바일 장치에서 데이터가 재구성된다. 모바일 카메라 센서 기반의VLC 기술이 사용된 ‘환경 모니터링 시스템’이 제작되었다. 센서 모듈을 이용하여 온도, 습도 및 CO2 농도 데이터를 수집하며, 여러 장소에서 LED를 이용하여 신호를 전송한다. 제안된 시스템의 강점을 입증하기 위해서, 시스템을 다양한 실내 환경에 설치하였다. 마지막으로, 모바일 카메라 센서 기반의 VLC 시스템을 이용하여, 장시간 환경 모니터링을 안전하게 하기 위해, 장거리 전송이 가능하고 에러율이 낮은 실시간 다중입력 전송 환경 모니터링 시스템을 성공적으로 개발하였다.
- Author(s)
- Ong, ZhenYang
- Issued Date
- 2016
- Awarded Date
- 2016. 8
- Type
- Dissertation
- Keyword
- Long Range VLC Environment Monitoring System camera sensor-based multi-transmission 다중입력 통신
- Publisher
- Pukyong National University, Department of Electronic Engineering
- URI
- https://repository.pknu.ac.kr:8443/handle/2021.oak/13251
http://pknu.dcollection.net/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000002300724
- Alternative Author(s)
- 옹젠양
- Affiliation
- Pukyong National University, Department of Electronic Engineering
- Department
- 대학원 전자공학과
- Advisor
- 정완영
- Table Of Contents
- 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivations 2
1.2 Challenges 3
1.3 Research Objectives 4
1.4 Chapter Organization 4
2 Background and Related Works 6
2.1 Visible Light Communication 6
2.2 Environment Monitoring System 8
2.3 ASHREA Standard 9
2.4 CMOS Image Sensor 10
2.5 Exposure triangle 13
2.6 Related Work 15
3 System Design 21
3.1 System Overview 21
3.1.1 Single Channel OOK Temperature Monitoring System 21
3.1.2 Multichannel OOK Environment Monitoring System 22
3.1.3 Single Channel FSK Environment Monitoring System 23
3.2 Sensors 24
3.3 Light Emitting Diode (LED) 25
3.4 Sensor Module 30
3.4.1 Single Channel OOK Sensor Module 30
3.4.2 Multichannel OOK Sensor Module 30
3.4.3 Single Channel FSK Sensor Module 30
3.5 Mobile Device 31
4 Communication Protocol and Technique 36
4.1 Modulation and Demodulation 36
4.1.1 On-off Keying (OOK) 36
4.1.2 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) 38
4.2 Data Packet 39
5 Image Processing and Data Processing Method 41
5.1 Color Extraction and selection Algorithm 41
5.1.1 Manual Image Color Extraction 41
5.1.2 Automatic Color Selection 43
5.2 Data Extraction Method 48
5.2.1 Color Tracking Method 48
5.2.2 Color Change Detection 49
5.3 Error & Noise Cancelation Technique 49
5.3.1 Oversampling Method 52
5.3.2 Reference Signal Method 53
5.3.3 Error Detection 54
6 Android Programming 55
6.1 Graphic User Interface (GUI) 55
6.1.1 Single Channel OOK Temperature Monitoring System 55
6.1.2 Multichannel OOK Environment Monitoring System 56
6.1.3 Single Channel FSK Environment Monitoring System 58
6.2 Process Flow 59
6.2.1 Single Channel OOK Temperature Monitoring System 59
6.2.2 Multichannel OOK Environment Monitoring System 61
6.2.3 Single Channel FSK Environment Monitoring System 62
7 Results and Discussion 64
7.1 Experiment Environment 64
7.2 Single Channel OOK Transmission 65
7.2.1 Long range and single channel transmission Test 65
7.3 Multichannel OOK Transmission 69
7.3.1 Long range and single channel transmission Test 69
7.4 Single Channel FSK Transmission 75
7.4.1 Detection Area Test 75
7.4.2 Exposure Test 77
7.4.3 Long range and Multi-input transmission Test 82
7.4.4 Transmission distance Test and Packet Error Test 83
7.5 Performance Comparison 86
7.6 Practical Tests for Indoor Environment Monitoring 88
8 Conclusions 91
References 92
List of Publications 98
Award 99
Appendix 100
- Degree
- Master
-
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- 대학원 > 전자공학과
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