코칭 및 지시적 리더십이 군 조직의 효과성에 미치는 영향

Abstract

It is proven through studies that leadership in Military organizations are important elements on which the outcome of battles hinges. No matter how much strategies and weapons systems advance, the importance of leadership will be all the more emphasized since the protagonists in wars are human-beings. The ROK military, with changes in the environment, dictatorial leadership dominated in the past can not effectively manage its members. Furthermore, soldiers in their new generation, who have remote difference in their views and characters with former generation There are not many studies on Coaching Leadership of the military organizations. This study attempts to confirm the effects of Coaching and Directive Leadership on the Organizational Effectiveness, Focused on the Platoon Unit of ROK Marine Corps. For a more realistic study, the research model is designed through prior studies; leadership styles of Coaching and Directive Leadership are set as independent variables; Platoon Performance is selected as dependent variables and Platoon cohesion is defined as a mediating variable. A questionnaire survey has been conducted on 1,493 soldiers and Platoon leader including all force and all branch of ROKMC, January 18 to 25 February, 2016. Descriptive statistics, frequency, t-test, ANOVA, scheffe test, Pearson correlation analysis and Hierarchical Regression Analysis were performed using SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. The major achievements of this study are as follows: First, Coaching Leadership was positively correlated with the Platoon cohesion and Platoon Performance. However, negatively correlated with the Directive Leadership. Second, Coaching Leadership had positively significant with Platoon cohesion and Platoon Performance. Also, Platoon cohesion had positively significant with Platoon Performance. Third, Platoon cohesion was proven to have a partial mediating effect in the relationship between coaching leadership and the platoon performance. Thus, Platoon cohesion had stronger influence on Coaching Leadership and Platoon Performance. Fourth, soldier's MOS(combat / non-combat) had no significant moderating effect in the relationship between leadership style and the platoon cohesion The lessons and theoretical points gained from the study results were as follows: First, this study introduced Coaching Leadership as variables, which differentiate this study from previous studies, and empirical analysis has been implemented. Second, This study has practical implications in that it applied, for the first time, the coaching leadership to the military leadership area, especially in the Korea Marine Corps The policy recommendations regarding leadership styles gained from the study results are as follows: First, a new paradigm regarding the ROK military leadership styles is required. Even in the combat situation, the implementation of leadership styles leading his subordinate with openly communicating, valuing people over task for the purpose of developing employees and improving performance rather than through the use of oppressive and authoritative influence based on authority and hierarchy. Moreover, all leaders should required coaching skill. Second, as the human resources for the ROK military become more varied and the service environment of the ROK military changes, the development of leadership programs, through which a leader can achieve the effectiveness of leadership styles, is necessary. Third, professional organizations or manpower are required to study further leadership. MND should newly establish an organization engaged in leadership studies with professional manpower for research and education of leadership in match with national defense organizational environment. It is important to give attention to the limitations of this study and the direction of the studies in the future. As this study does not fully satisfy the reality of all ROK military such as Army, Navy, and Air forces, even though each military MOS. So, further studies on the development of indices to diagnose Platoon Performance. This study also depend on self-reported data and Cross-sectional design. If you compare the level of research and the degree of effectiveness after a certain period of time, it will be a more systematic study. Keywords: Coaching Leadership, Directive Leadership, Platoon cohesion, Platoon Performance, ROKMC