Ecosystem-based Fisheries Assessment and Management in the Kenyan Coral Reef Ecosystem
- Abstract
- This thesis describes the types of coral reefs and coral reefs distribution in Kenya. It highlights the reefs productivity, functions, describes the Coral reefs fishery, management tools, available catch data and social economics of coastal fishing communities of Kenya.
In this study twelve indicators for sustainability, seven indicators for biodiversity, ten indicators for habitat quality and fifteen indicators for socio-economy management objectives were developed. Each of the indicators was assigned level of magnitude that it affects the coral reef ecosystem. Target and limit reference points for each of the indicators were developed also. The target reference point in this application corresponds to a state of each indicator that is considered desirable, while the limit reference point is defined as the limit beyond which the state of each indicator is not considered desirable. Species were assigned a status for each indicator to denote risk. The risk indices for each indicator were calculated. The Kenyan coral reef ecosystem was assessed by the Tier 2 approach based on the quality of data available. From the assessment of twelve fish species risk indices by the Tier 2 approach, the Kenyan coral reef ecosystem had 39.6 % of the indicators in the desirable green zone, 55.3 % in the yellow zone and 5.1 % in the red zone.
Three fisheries namely; the gillnet fishery, hook and line fishery and traditional trap fishery had risk indices in the yellow zone. Purse seine fishery had risk index in the desirable green zone. This fishery has a draft management plan that guides its fishing operations at the moment. The three other fisheries do not have fisheries management plans. This explains why they have high risk indices. Ecosystem risk index of the Kenyan coral reef ecosystem was assessed based on the fishery risk indices. The Kenyan coral reef ecosystem has risk index '1.10'. This risk index falls in the yellow zone.
In conclusion a better system of data collection for this coral reef ecosystem is required to enable assessment of risk indices by the Tier 1 approach. The results can then be compared with results from the Tier 2 approach. The Kenyan coral reef fisheries management system needs to be organized into four management objectives suggested in this study. Ecosystem approach to fisheries management is currently the core reference point for all fisheries management strategies. Fisheries management plans in line with ecosystem approach to fisheries management are suggested to reduce high risk indices. However climate change is expected to influence species diversity, movement, recruitment etc in many ecosystems of the World. Therefore the Integrated Fisheries Risk Analysis Method for Ecosystems (IFRAME) approach that tracks climate change impacts is suggested for the Kenyan coral reef ecosystem for future study, since the IFRAME framework is made up of three components: assessment, forecast, and management.
- Issued Date
- 2014
- Awarded Date
- 2014. 2
- Type
- Dissertation
- Publisher
- 부경대학교
- Affiliation
- 글로벌수산대학원
- Department
- 글로벌수산대학원 국제수산과학협동과정
- Advisor
- 장창익
- Table Of Contents
- Chapter 1
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Background of the research 1
1.2. History of the research 1
1.3. Purpose of the study 2
1.4. Organization of the study 3
1.5. Description of coral reefs 4
Chapter 2. Ecosystem characteristics of coral reefs 8
Chapter 3. Identification of management objectives
and associated attributes for the Kenyan coral reef ecosystem 13
3.1. Current stock assessment and fishery management tools 13
3.2. Suggested management objectives 19
Chapter 4. Development of indicators to assess risks for coral reef ecosystems 21
4.1. Impacts of fishing on fish and coral reef ecosystems 21
4.2. Indicators for the Tier 1 and Tier 2 assessments for
coral reef ecosystems 24
4.2.1. Indicators for sustainability 24
4.2.2. Indicators for biodiversity 28
4.2.3. Indicators for habitat quality 29
4.2.4. Indicators for socio-economy 30
4.3. Indicators for the Tier 2 assessment
of coral reef ecosystems 31
Chapter 5. Development of target and limit
reference points for the coral reef ecosystems 33
5.1. Assessment of risks using reference points 33
5.2. Target and limit reference points for the Tier 2
assessment for the Kenyan coral reef ecosystem 35
5.2.1. Target and limit reference points
for indicators of sustainability 35
5.2.2. Target and limit reference points
for indicators of biodiversity 36
5.2.3. Target and limit reference points
for indicators of habitat quality 37
5.2.4. Target and limit reference points
for indicators of socio-economy 39
Chapter 6. Assessment of risk scores to each indicator
of the Kenyan coral reef ecosystem 41
6.1. Major fisheries and fish species by fishing
gears of the Kenyan coral reef ecosystem 41
6.2. Assessment for the twelve species of the
Kenyan coral reef ecosystem by the Tier 2 approach 43
Chapter 7. Evaluation of coral reef fisheries of the
Kenyan coral reef ecosystem based on estimated risk indices 50
7.1. Species Risk Indices of each fishery in the
Kenyan coral reef ecosystem assessed by the
Tier 2 approach 50
7.2. Fishery Risk Indices and Ecosystem Risk Index
for the Kenyan coral reef ecosystem 55
Chapter 8. Suggestions for proper management
to reduce risk indices 58
References 61
Acknowledgements 66
Appendices 67
Appendix I: Targets and limit reference points
for indicators of sustainability in the Tier 1 EBFA 67
Appendix II: Targets and limit reference points
for indicators of biodiversity
in the Tier 1 EBFA 68
Appendix III: Targets and limit reference points
for indicators of habitat quality
in the Tier 1 EBFA 69
Appendix IV: Target and limit reference points
for indicators of socio-economy
in the Tier 1 EBFA 70
Appendix V: Target and limit reference
points for indicators of
sustainability in the Tier 2 EBFA 71
Appendix VI: Target and limit reference points
for indicators of biodiversity
in the Tier 2 EBFA 74
Appendix VII: Target and limit reference points
for indicators of habitat quality
in the Tier 2 EBFA 75
Appendix VIII: Target and limit reference points
for indicators of socio-economy
in the Tier 2 EBFA 78
Appendix IX: Criteria of risk states for semi
quantitative assessment of
the Tier 2 EBFA 81
- Degree
- Master
- Appears in Collections:
- 글로벌수산대학원 > 국제수산과학협동과정
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