The Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature in Yangon City, Myanmar
- Abstract
- Yangon City is old capital and also densely populated and rapid urbanization area of Myanmar. Rapidly urbanization is the main cause’s transformation of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) and continuously impact on Land Surface Temperature (LST). The main approach of this paper is to demonstrate the integrated use of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in evaluate urban LULC patterns in Yangon City and to analysis of the impact on LST. For this research work, the main data was Landsat satellite images of 1996, 2006 and 2015. The results of this paper showed that vegetation and cultivated areas were decreased (average total 29 % from 1996 to 2015) because of conversion to the replacing over double up of the built up area (average total 30 % from 1996 to 2015). The overall accuracy was almost perfect agreement. The LST was increased 1.43 ºC from 1996 to 2006 and added again 1.46 ºC between 2006 and 2015. The scatter plots results based on the 1909 (for summer) and 1759 (for winter) sample points for summer and winter gave the negative correlation with LST and NDVI in summer and winter that (-0.726) and (-0.727) for 1996, (-0.822) and (-0.756) for 2006, and (-0.845) and (-0.813) for 2015 with respectively. The results were confirmed that all LST of LULC patterns were generally rose both seasonal and regional scales from 1996 to 2015. Zonal statistical analysis pointed out that the mean LST of downtown was warmer than suburban areas. The 95 % confidence levels of specific hot spot area lied at the downtown and with closely townships of suburban 1. Moreover, the Auselin Local Morans I statistical analysis proved that HH (High-High) cluster situation LST of human activities were taken place at the downtown and surrounding townships.
- Issued Date
- 2017
- Awarded Date
- 2017. 2
- Type
- Dissertation
- Keyword
- Yangon City Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Land Surface Temperature(LST) human activities 미얀마
- Publisher
- 부경대학교 대학원
- Alternative Author(s)
- 킨마이
- Affiliation
- 부경대학교 대학원
- Department
- 대학원 지구환경시스템과학부공간정보시스템공학전공
- Advisor
- 최철웅
- Table Of Contents
- CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Statement of the Problem 2
1.1.1. Solar Energy effect? 2
1.1.2. Global Warming effect? 4
1.1.3. Human effect? 7
1.2. Research Questions 8
1.3. Research Objectives 9
1.4. Previous Investigations and Literature Review 10
1.5. Research Design 15
1.6. Structure of Research 16
1.7. Definitions and Terminologies 17
1.7.1. Land 17
1.7.2. Land use 17
1.7.3. Land cover 18
1.7.4. Change Detection 18
1.7.5. Omission error and Commission error 19
1.7.6. Overall Accuracy 19
1.7.7. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) 19
1.7.8. Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) 19
1.7.9. Land Surface Temperature (LST) 20
1.7.10. Supervised Classification 20
1.7.11. Support Vector Machine (SVM) 20
1.7.12. Single Channel Method (SC) 21
1.7.13. Relative Radiometric Normalization (RRN) 21
CHAPTER 2. STUDY AREA 22
2.1. National Circumstances of Myanmar and Yangon Region 23
2.2. Yangon Region and Yangon City 25
2.3. Yangon City 26
2.3.1. Over view of study area 26
2.3.2. The Role of Yangon City 27
CHAPTER 3. DATA AND METHODOLOGY 31
3.1. Data Description and Collection 32
3.2. Generating of LULC Classification 36
3.2.1. Georeferencing and Taking Training Sample 37
3.2.2. Image band combination 37
3.2.3. Defining LULC Classes 38
3.2.4. Supervised Classification of LULC 38
3.2.5. Support Vector Machine (SVM) of LULC 39
3.2.6. Change Detection Technique of LULC 41
3.2.7. Accuracy Assessment of LULC 42
3.3. Calculation of NDVI and Estimation of LST 42
3.3.1. Calculation of NDVI 42
3.3.2. Calculation of Calculation of Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) 43
3.3.3. Retrieve of Single Channel (SC) Method 44
3.3.4. Processing for Calculation of LST 45
3.4. Post Processing of LST and NDVI 48
3.4.1. Visual Interpretation of LULC and LST 48
3.4.2. Regression Analysis 48
3.4.3. Zonal GIS statistical Calculation 49
3.4.4. Solar Correction of LST 50
3.4.5. Hot Spot Analysis with Rendering (Getis-Ord Gi* Spatial Statistics) 52
3.4.6. Cluster and Outlier Analysis (Anselin Local Morans I) 53
CHAPTER 4. ANALYSIS ON CHANGES OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND NORMAL DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX 56
4.1. Analysis on of LULC 57
4.1.1. Analysis on Spatial Distribution of LULC Pattern 57
4.1.2. Analysis on Spatial and Temporal Changes of LULC 62
4.2. Analysis on LST and NDVI 65
4.2.1. Analysis on LST 65
4.2.2. Analysis on the LST Changes 67
4.2.3. Analysis on NDVI 68
4.2.4. Analysis on the NDVI Changes 70
CHAPTER 5. ANALYSIS ON VALIDATION OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER AND RELATIONSHIP OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX 71
5.1. Statistical Analysis of LULC Validation 72
5.2. Analysis of LST and NDVI Correlation 75
CHAPTER 6. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON HUMAN ACTIVITIES OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN YANGON CITY 77
6.1. Variation of LST in Downtown, Suburban 1 and Suburban 2 of Yangon City 78
6.1.1. Statistical Analysis of Seasonal LST in Downtown, Suburban 1 and Suburban 2 78
6.1.2. Statistical Analysis of Seasonal LULC on LST in Downtown, Suburban 1 and Suburban 2 82
6.2. Analysis on Hot Spot of Getis-Ord Gi*static 87
6.2.1. Hot Spot of Getis-Ord Gi* statistic in summer 87
6.2.2. Hot Spot of Getis-Ord Gi* statistic in winter 89
6.3. Analysis on LST of Human Activities 92
6.3.1. Analysis on LST of Human Activities in summer 92
6.3.2. Analysis on LST of Human Activities in winter 94
6.4. Analysis on Cluster and Outlier (Anselin Local Morans I) 96
6.4.1. Analysis on Cluster and Outlier (Anselin Local Morans I) in summer 91
6.4.2. Analysis on Cluster and Outlier (Anselin Local Morans I) in winter 99
CHAPTER 7. CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS 102
7.1. Conclusion 103
7.2. Recommendation106
7.3. Future Research works 107
REFERENCES 108
APPENDICES 128
- Degree
- Doctor
- Appears in Collections:
- 대학원 > 지구환경시스템과학부-공간정보시스템공학전공
- Files in This Item:
-
-
There are no files associated with this item.
-
Items in Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.