비소망재를 고려한 시도별 식품제조업의 생산 효율성 분석에 관한 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to carry out comparative analysis on the productivity and the productivity changes in the city in cases of including undesirable outputs taken into consideration and the case where it is not considered. To achieve the purpose of this study, conducted studies are as below. First, I want to find out the difference between the productivity considering undesirable output and the general productivity. To achive more deliberate results than previous studies, I divided MLPECI and MLSECI which are ingredients of MLTECI simultaneously using both CRS and VRS Second, I want to find out which subsentece affects higher on cities according to the effort of reducing emissions for pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and fine dust. To achieve this, I estimate the output losses that need to give up as reducing emissions for pollutants by using strong-disposability and weak-disposability. Lastly, if the output losses estimated low, there is no guarantee that those cities are operated at optimal levels. Through simultaneous comparison between CRS, VRS and NIRS using constraints on optimal levels, I estimate returns to scale to see whether cities are being operated at optimal levels. The study estimates MLPI using nitrogen oxide(NOx), fine dust(PM10), and also estimates MPI which is not applied in Korea during the six years from 2008 to 2013. Then, by comparing and analyzing the two indexes, the study examined whether major cities in Korea are achieving sustainable production and growth by considering the amount of undesirable output emissions when producing goods. The results of the study are as follows. First, the MPI’s geometric mean is 0.9988 from 2008 to 2013 without considering undesirable outputs. Thus it is estimated to be semi-efficiency because there is 1% productivity declines averagely. Second, there is a productivity efficiency because the estimated result of geometric mean of MPIL index according to the average productivity index per time-series is estimated as 1.0249 during analysis period from 2008 to 2013 considering undesirable outputs. There is a productivity efficiency through technical combining input and ouput regarding operating food manufacturer because MLTECI, technical efficiency changes index, is estimated as 1.0152. Thus it is seem to be changed as 1.5% increases in efficiency. On the other hand, MLTCI, ML Technical Changes Index, is seem to have a productivity efficiency because it is estimated as 1.0003, and enhanced slightly around 0.03%. Therefore, the reason why annual average 2.4% increases of total factor producivity considering undesirable output are seem to be caused slightly by technical efficiency. Although MLTECI has a productivity efficiency, the reason why it is seem to have aspects of less changes relatively is that the composition factor, MLSECI, is estimated as 1.0070. Third, when comparing two before and after indexes considering undesirable output during the analysis period, average MLPI is eatimated 2.6%, 1.6% higher than MPI perspectively in time-series and cities(DMUs). When the study compares the difference between the two indexes by city, the city with the most difference is Gangwon-do, where the growth rate gap is 19.6%. The absolute average of the difference between cities is 3.3%. Fourth, during the six-year analysis period, the sum of the total output loss of cities, taking into consideration both fine dust and nitrogen oxides, is 11.3196 trillion won and the city average is 665.8 billion won. Gyeonggi do in 2008, 2010~2013, and Jeollabuk do in 2009 showed the largest output loss by major cities except the whole country. The city with the largest average output loss in the 6 year analysis period is Gyeonggi do, and the city with zero is Daejeon city and Ulsan city. During the entire six year analysis period considering nitrogen oxides, the total output loss is 12.6393 trillion won and the city average is 744billion won. The city with the largest average output loss during the alanlysis period is Gyeonggi do, and the cities with 0 are Daejeon city and Ulsan city. During the entire six year analysis period considering fine dust, the total output loss is 16.5783 trillion won and the city average is 973.4billion won. The city with the largest average output loss during the alanlysis period is Gyeonggi do, and the cities with 0 are Daejeon city and Ulsan city, and the results are similar to previous results. This study gives a chance to experimentally use methodology which has been applied to related studies such as environmentology, environmental economics, business administration, but has not yet been applied to food area. In other words, this study will give next researchers a chance to collect, approach, utilize, grasp, enhance statistics data since it introduces concepts or mathematical programming using economics and environmental area away from study on present condition in food manufacture area and consider existing formula and horizontal connection between informal statistics. Above all, all things considered, this study can carry an important meaning.