Nicotinamide and Guanosine-Enriched Protein Improves Exercise Performance in Mice

Abstract

Leather Carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) has been proven that it has improve exercise performances in mice. In previous study found that Leather Carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) contain nicotinamide (NAM) and guanosine (GUA) after detected with GC-MS and HPLC. In this study, nicotinamide was validated as indicator substance of hot water extract of Leather Carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) using RP- HPLC. It showed linearity r2=0.9988, LOD= 1.78, LOQ =5.94, % RSD (intra-day=2.27 and inter-day=0.93), % accuracy (intra-day=102.2±7.9 and inter-day=95.8±6.0). Second part of the experiment was to find out role of NAM and GUA as additional element in protein to exercise performance in mice. Forelimb grip strength, swimming endurance, and blood test were assessed following oral administration of NAM, GUA, and protein. The result showed that optimal result achieve by adding combination of NAM (0.1 mg/mL) and GUA (0.05 mg/mL) to protein (30 mg/mL). After 7 days, mice given combination of NAM and GUA to protein had significantly greater swimming endurance [22±1 sec; 56.5±4.6c % longer than day 0] and forelimb grip strength [1.30±0.01 Newton; 21.0.0±1.6c % greater than day 0] compared with the saline control group. Overall, every group given saline, NAM, GUA, PRO, single or combination had little effect on body weight. After exercising blood glucose and SOD activity were significantly higher (137 % and 131 %). On contrary, lactate level was 90% lower, which was significantly different in mice given best combination of NAM and GUA to protein compared to the control. These results suggest that nicotinamide and guanosine-enriched protein can improves exercise performance in mice.