유아의 내재화 문제행동과 유아 개인 및 부모 양육 변수의 종단적 관계 : 다변량 잠재성장모형 분석

Abstract

본 연구는 유아의 내재화 문제행동의 변화 추이를 살펴보고, 유아의 내재화 문제행동 변화에 미치는 유아의 성 및 부모의 양육 변수(부와 모의 양육스트레스, 부와 모의 양육행동)의 종단적 관계를 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 한국아동패널 5차년도(2012년)부터 7차년도(2014년)의 1,280명의 자료를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 유아 내재화 문제행동 수준은 5차년도에서 7차년도에 이르는 동안 감소하고 있음을 보여주었고, 시간의 경과에 따라 통계적으로 유의미하게 변화하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 내재화 문제행동의 초기치가 높을수록 시간의 흐름에 따른 변화율이 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 다변량 잠재성장모형을 적용하여 관련 변수의 영향력을 살펴본 결과, 유아 어머니의 양육스트레스와 어머니의 통제적 양육행동, 그리고 어머니의 온정적 양육행동이 유아 내재화 문제행동 초기에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 유아의 연령 변화에 따른 내재화 문제행동에는 이들 변수들이 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 유아의 내재화 문제행동에 관심을 가지고 종단적 관계로 관련 변수간의 관계를 검증한다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.

This study aims to examine the change pattern of children internalizing problem behaviors and identify longitudinal association between child gender that affects internalizing problem behavior change and nurturing-related variables(nurturing stress of parents, and nurturing behavior of parents). To achieve this objective, the author analyzed 1,280 documents between the fifth(2012) and seventh(2014) released from Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC) at Korea Institute of Child Care & Education(KICCE). Findings from this research are as follows. First, the change pattern of children internalizing problem behaviors suggested that it had a statistically significant shift as time progressed. Mean and distribution of the intial value had a significant difference in a linear change model of internalizing problem behavior. As mean and distribution showed significantly in the rate of change, the degree of children internalizing problem behavior diminished from the fifth to seventh year. However, it was found that the higher the initial level of internalizing problem behavior is, the lower the rate of change becomes as time passes. Second, the application of multivariate latent growth model to investigate the effects of children gender that influences their internalizing problem behavior and nurturing-related variables of parents(nurturing stress of parents, and nurturing behavior of parents) demonstrated that mother's nurturing stress, controlled nurturing behavior, and benign nurturing behavior had significant impacts on the early children internalizing problem behavior. On the other hand, internalizing problem behavior according to the change of children age had almost no influence on the change of internalizing problem behavior. This implies that mother’s nurturing-related variables(nurturing stress, controlled nurturing behavior, and warm-hearted nurturing behavior) gave impacts on the initial children internalizing problem behavior, while they had little effects on the change of internalizing problem behavior as children get older. This study provided discussion topics for people to pay interests in internalizing problem behaviors among general children problem behaviors and let them think about the significance of internalizing problem behavior. Moreover, it conducted a study to examine children internalizing problem behavior in terms of the longitudinal association. As results show, their problem behavior empirically presents that ongoing and cumulative research on the change of age as well as the relation with the association with variables that assume the correlation should be performed. Limitations and proposals for further research are as follows. First, it is limited to state the general part of problem behavior and generalize it as this study centered on internalizing problem behavior among other children problem behaviors. Accordingly, it would be worth classifying subcategories of problem behaviors, analyzing effects of related variables in respective subcategory, and comparing them. Second, situation or time variables are more likely to exist in terms of features of longitudinal study. These numerous situational variables could not be controlled. The more comprehensive follow-up study that includes a number of variables such as the use of medium, health condition, variables associated with family, and the use of organization is needed.