The Pretreatment Effect of Ionic Liquid and Solid Acid Catalyst from Alginate on Biomethane Production
- Abstract
- Due to the environment concerns, searching new alternative renewable resource is required. Alginate is the major polysaccharide in brown algae (i.e., 34.5% in dry weight) as a principal material of the cell wall. Limiting step in the hydrolysis part become a background to perform the pretreatment before digestion process. Homogenous catalyst such as Ionic Liquid (IL) was renowned catalyst in cellulose degradation. Due to the difficulty in the separation process, heterogeneous catalyst became the solution to overcome the problem. Therefore, objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Ionic Liquid (IL) and Solid Acid Catalyst (SAC) treatment on biogas production from sodium alginate as a feedstock in anaerobic digestion.
Eighteen biochemical methane potential (BMP) batches were anaerobically operated with four types of IL pretreatment ([BMIM]Cl, [BMIM]HSO4, [BMIM]Ac, [BMIM]OH) with different volume ratio between IL:water = 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, and 10:0. For SAC treatment using Amberlyst-15 (Sigma Aldrich, USA), alginate solution was applied to (1) alginate concentration (5, 10, 20 and 30 g/L containing 10% catalyst amount based on alginate weight), (2) catalyst amount (1, 3, 5, and 10% based on alginate weight) and (3) reaction temperature (110, 130, 150, and 170 oC based on 10 g/L of alginate). Neutral pH was adjusted before digestion start. AD condition was controlled at 35 oC and 120 rpm. Methane and Hydrocarbon were analyzed using GC-Flame Ionization Detector (FID) methanizer equipped with a Porapak Q. Hydrogen was analyzed using GC-Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD) equipped with a packed column Hayesep Q.
Based the GPC result between IL and SAC, IL can degrade the alginate effectively especially for [BMIM]Cl. [BMIM]Cl was successfully degrade the alginate until reach 252 Da. However, SAC showed the good performance for AD process. Based on the result, 5 g/L reached the highest production of methane yield (168.5 mL/g alginate) at 30th day.
However molecular weight distribution have no significant effect in AD process, high ratio of IL to water (10:0) and high temperature (170 oC) have a good performance to decrease the molecular weight of alginate. IL showed some inhibition to CH4 production. Hence, separation and recovery of IL was needed. Catalyst amount and Temperature were have no significant effect to CH4 production.
- Issued Date
- 2014
- Awarded Date
- 2014. 2
- Type
- Dissertation
- Publisher
- Pukyong National University
- Affiliation
- Pukyong National University
- Department
- 대학원 화학공학과
- Advisor
- Woo Hee Chul
- Table Of Contents
- 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 General Backgrounds 1
1.2 Research Objectives 2
2. LITERATURE SURVEY 3
2.1 Brown Algae 3
2.2 Alginate 12
2.3 Biofuels Production 17
2.4 Anaerobic Digestion 20
2.5 Pretreatment 23
2.6 Type of Catalyst 25
2.6.1 Homogenous Catalyst 25
2.6.2 Heterogenous Catalyst 30
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 35
3.1 Alginate 35
3.2 Pretreatment Experimental Design 35
3.2.1 Ionic Liquid 35
3.2.2 Solid Acid Catalyst 35
3.3 Anaerobic Digestion Process 36
3.4 Analytical Methods 36
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 40
4.1 Pretreatment (GPC data) 40
4.1.1 Homogenous Catalyst 40
4.1.2 Heterogenous Catalyst 43
4.1.2.1 Alginate Concentration effect 43
4.1.2.2 Catalyst Amount Effect 45
4.1.2.3 Temperature Effect 47
4.1.3 Discussion 49
4.2 Biomethane Production 49
4.2.1 Homogenous Catalyst 49
4.2.2 Heterogenous Catalyst 55
4.2.2.1 Alginate Concentration Effect 55
4.2.2.2 Catalyst Amount Effect 58
4.2.2.3 Temperature Effect 60
4.2.3 Discussion 62
5. CONCLUSIONS 63
REFERENCES 64
- Degree
- Master
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