자동차 운전자의 심리・생리반응을 고려한 온열감성 평가 및 적용에 관한 연구

Abstract

Automobiles, which can be called the result of technological integration, need more comfortable and practical improvements with the development of technology. Humans are demanding for more comfort and convenience in automobile, and want to apply new technologies in air-conditioning system. This paper presents evaluation data of psychological and physiological response and application for comfortable sensibility air conditioning system that can satisfy human needs and futuristic air conditioning system for automobiles. In the preliminary research, the thermal comfort index has been using standardized PMV indices for decades with a focus on physical environmental factors. This is a pleasant indicator based on the numerical thermal equilibrium model, assuming that people will feel comfortable when the thermal elements of the human body and the surrounding thermal elements are in equilibrium. This index can be judged as an index reflecting the psychological factor through the experiment of the subject and the subjective factor as well. However, in the preliminary research, the comfort of the occupant changed as the air conditioning condition changed within the same PMV variation range. Based on these research data, it is necessary to take an index that considers the physiological response of the human body. In this paper, we investigate the subjective human psychological responses such as the subjective questionnaire on the thermal comfort of the car, and the preference of the air conditioning system operating mode. Experiments were carried out on physiological responses such as brain waves, electrocardiogram, and skin temperature. Based on the results of psychological reaction and physiological response, we tried to evaluate the thermal comfort by the pleasantness evaluation index. And this paper not only evaluated comfort by the solar radiation and temperature conditions but also studied to prevent driving drowsiness due to CO2 in the car. We quantitatively evaluated the driver's objective psychological and physiological responses to the ventilation airflow of the air-conditioning system to demonstrate the arousal effect. According to the results, the cold air of the air conditioner needs to be adjusted according to the solar radiation by the physiological response of the driver during the air conditioning of the automobile in the first 15 minutes of driving, on sunny day increased by 17% of the comfort and decreased by 23% of the thermal stress, on cloudy day decreased by 19% of the comfort, and increased by 54% of the thermal stress. For 20 minutes after boarding the driver, comfort in the physiological response by heating mode in the heating, warm-wire seat and heating & warm-wire seat mode rose by 27%, 17% and 20%. But the thermal stresses increased by 14% and 23% in heating, heating & warm-wire seat mode. However as the thermal stresses decreased by 19% in warm-wire seat mode, as a result active use of heating of warm-wire seat is required. In the drowsing state of the driver, when the wind stimulation was applied to the driver's face under the conditions of the air-blowing temperature of 21°C and the air velocity of 6m/s to 7m/s, In EEG changes the α/β decreased by 52.9% and as a result it was confirmed that tension was induced. In this paper, we derive the thermal convert index based on the psychological and physiological variables and evaluate the driver’s warm sensation. And suggest a sensible air-conditioning operation method to create a pleasant and safe driver-centered indoor heat environment. And it can contribute to the development of a pleasant sensibility air conditioning system by applying human emotional factors in the design of futuristic automobile air conditioning systems such as self-driving car.