Distribution and pollution assessment for heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from Gwangalli and Nakdong River, Busan, Korea
- Alternative Title
- 광안리와 낙동강의 표면 퇴적물에 존재하는 중금속과 다환 방향족 탄화 수소의 분포 및 오염도 평가
- Abstract
- The distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from the Gwangalli and Nakdong River in Busan, Korea were evaluated. The total concentrations of heavy metals and 16 PAHs in sediments collected from 14 sites were compared with sediment guidelines and assessed by multiple indices to determine their contamination degree and ecological risks. For heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), enrichment factor (EF) values indicated that there were just minor enrichment or even no enrichment in studying areas. Both of the results of geoaccumulation index (lgeo) and potential ecological risk factor (PERF) showed Cd posed the highest contamination degree in Gwangalli and Nakdong River. Compared with sediment quality guidelines, the concentrations of Cd in all sampling sites exceeded contamination standards while Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn were below them (except Ni in sampling site G5 and Zn in G4 and G5). Meanwhile, PAHs were also given evaluated by mean effects range-median quotient and the results suggested low ecological risks in most of the studying areas. Concentrations of most PAHs in both Gwangalli and Nakdong River were all below the low effect range of guideline values. This study offered a baseline for protecting and promoting sedimentary environment in Gwangalli and Nakdong River.
- Issued Date
- 2018
- Awarded Date
- 2018. 8
- Type
- Dissertation
- Keyword
- heavy metals PAHs sediments assessment
- Publisher
- 부경대학교
- Alternative Author(s)
- 홍카이
- Affiliation
- 부경대학교 대학원
- Department
- 대학원 지구환경시스템과학부환경공학전공
- Advisor
- Tae-yoon Lee
- Table Of Contents
- Contents I
List of figures III
List of tables V
Abstract VI
Acknowledgment VII
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Background 1
1.2. Objectives and scope 2
2. literature review 3
2.1. Analytical technologies of heavy metals 3
2.1.1. Spectroscopic methods (AAS, GFAAS, ICP, ICP-MS and Molecular Spectroscopy) 3
2.1.2. Chromatography 5
2.1.3. Electrochemical approaches 5
2.1.4. Other technologies 6
2.2. Analytical technologies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 6
2.2.1. GC-FID 7
2.2.2. GC-MS 7
2.2.3. HPLC-UV/FL 8
2.3. Assessment methods for heavy metals and PAHs in sediments 8
3. Materials and methods 10
3.1. Study area 10
3.2. Sampling 10
3.3. Sample pretreatment 13
3.3.1. Heavy metals 13
3.3.2. PAHs 13
3.4. Analytical methods for heavy metals and PAHs 14
3.5. Assessment of sediment contamination and ecological risks for heavy metals 15
3.5.1. Enrichment factor (EF) 15
3.5.2. Geoaccumulation index (lgeo) 16
3.5.3. Potential ecological risk factor (PERF) 16
3.6. Sediment quality guidelines for heavy metals 17
3.7. Assessment of ecological risks for PAHs 19
3.8. Sediment quality guidelines for PAHs 19
4. Results and discussion 20
4.1. Metal concentrations and compositions of Gwangalli sediments 20
4.2. Risk assessment according to multiple indices for metals in surface sediments of Gwangalli 30
4.3. The total concentrations of PAHs in Gwangalli 43
4.4. Sources and ecological risk assessment of PAHs in Gwangalli 51
4.5. Metal concentrations and compositions of sediments in Nakdong River 54
4.6. Risk assessment according to multiple indices for metals in surface sediments of Nakdong River 59
4.7. The total concentrations of PAHs in Nakdong River 72
4.8. Sources and ecological risk assessment of PAHs in Nakdong River 79
5. Conclusions 82
References 84
- Degree
- Master
- Appears in Collections:
- 대학원 > 지구환경시스템과학부
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