유럽 자동차산업 생산기지 이전 현상 연구

Abstract

This study is an attempt to analyze various aspects of the relocation of automobile industry production base in Europe. In 2004, the transition economies of central and eastern Europe(CEE) joined the EU. And the automobile industry, which had been produced mainly in western Europe, gradually relocate its production bases to the CEE, and especially to the four countries of Visegrad (Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and Czech Republic). This phenomenon is seen as a phenomenon that is caused by the influence of the EU's economic integration, which is one of the regional characteristics of Europe. In this study, I analyze the competitiveness of location of the automobile industry in 2004 in the four countries among the Central and Eastern European countries, and the change in competitiveness of location in the mid to long term after the economic integration. This study is analyzed based on FDI decision theory. Although it is a phenomenon of relocation of production bases of multinational corporations in Europe where companies can move freely, it is a phenomenon that shows the shift to other countries. Therefore, this is a phenomenon that should be viewed from the viewpoint of FDI theory. The determinants of FDI were selected primarily by determinants that correlated with FDI by empirical studies. In addition, the factors determining the competitiveness of the European automobile industry will be derived by adding and excluding the determinants considering the regional specificity of the automobile industry and Europe centered on the primary factors selected. The determinants were divided into 12 categories and consisted of wage level, trade balance, tax rate, trade openness, national risk, government investment, education level, related industry, infrastructure and physical distance. Based on this, I analyzed the comparative advantage of location competitiveness in the automotive industry in the CEE. In addition, I tried to analyze the changes in the competitiveness of the four countries of Visegrad since 2004. As a result, four countries in CEE proved to have a comparative advantage in comprehensive location competitiveness. In addition, the changes in determinants of location competitiveness since 2004 show that the location competitiveness has increased or decreased after economic integration. As a result of these changes, the implications for Korea have also been derived. First, Korean automakers need to analyze the location competitiveness in the CEE again. Second, the European automobile industry has shifted production bases in response to changes in location competitiveness. To maintain the Korean automobile industry, we need to study ways to strengthen our competitiveness.