환경세 부과가 근해어업의 비용구조에 미치는 영향 분석

Abstract

The supply of non-taxable oil is a problem in that it has the nature of subsidies that can negatively affect the management of fishery resources and can also cause the exemption of environmental tax. Prior to the management of fisheries resources and the effective implementation of international agreements, this study estimates the amount of CO2 emission and the cost structure of Korean offshore fishery. The ultimate purpose of this study aims to examine the effects of environmental taxation on the cost structure of offshore fisheries. In the empirical analysis, first, it is estimated to a cost function of a single product of offshore fisheries, which takes the catch as an output. Secondly, another cost function model which takes multiple outputs, is estimated. To do that, the Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission has been calculated based on non-tax oil supply (2003-2016) so that it could examine the cost structure of offshore fisheries where greenhouse gases and catches are taken as outputs at the same time. As the cost function model, the translog cost function and the Fourier flexible cost function are used. As a result of estimating the cost function on the multiple outputs, the Fourier cost function satisfies the concavity. Additionally, its estimation shows higher efficiency than the estimation of Translog cost function. Based on the Fourier cost function, it is confirmed that there is a weak disposition between catch and CO2 emission. Besides, fuel input would be reduced under environmental constraints such as rising oil prices. Furthermore, it is estimated that the reduction of fuel input will affect the demand of other inputs such as labor and management. Specifically, with a 20% higher oil price than the average oil price of the recent three years due to the enforcement of the environmental taxation, 10% of the oil input in the offshore fishery sub-sector will decrease. For the offshore fisheries as a whole, the demand for labor declined by 6% and the demand for management increased by 2.8% as fuel prices rose by 20%.