DO-ABE를 이용한 블록체인 기반 커넥티드 카 데이터 거래 및 공유 기법

Abstract

Connected car refers to a vehicle connected through a network with all devices, spaces, infrastructure, including other vehicles and objects based on V2X (Vehicle to Everything) technology. Network activities such as interaction with other vehicles and road infrastructure, access to a personal cloud server or external Oracle server are possible through various communication means such as various sensors and wireless communication modules attached to the connected car. Therefore, there are countless types and numbers of data that can be collected from connected cars. Such vehicle data includes a number of personal and sensitive data. In addition, data related to autonomous driving is very important for security because it is directly connected to the life of the driver. Therefore, it is important to protect against hackers and malicious code from accessing vehicle hardware such as driving control devices, as well as any vehicle software and networks in which vehicle data is generated and communicated. The current method of processing and managing vehicle data is a centralized server-client structure. The data collected in the vehicle is transmitted and stored to the vehicle manufacturer's server (cloud), and such centralized data management has a problem of a single point of failure that may damage availability due to various internal and external factors such as attacks and errors. In addition, most of the current vehicle security architectures do not consider the user's personal information, and data owners cannot directly control outsourced data, so they have no choice but to trust a third party in data storage and management. Blockchain is a solution that can overcome the limitations of this centralized system. Through characteristics such as integrity, immutability, traceability, and safety of the Blockchain, connected car data can be safely managed without a central trust authority. This thesis proposes a method of sharing and transacting connected car data using a Blockchain, and analyzes the result of implementing a Blockchain-based vehicle data marketplace system. It adopts a permissioned consortium Blockchain to limit the entities that can access vehicle data, and secures data sovereignty using data owner-based attribute-based encryption and owner-defined access control lists. In addition, the confidentiality and safety of large-capacity vehicle data are guaranteed through off-chain storage techniques and various encryption techniques. Further, it defines the organizations that correspond to data consumers and describes the benefits each organization gains from using the proposed model.