“Genuine” Participation for Successful Community Based Tourism
- Alternative Title
- 지역사회기반관광(CBT)과 “진정한”주민참여: 미얀마 먀잉(Myaing)사례 연구
- Abstract
- Myanmar ended isolation periods in the world in 2011. Since then, The government finds a way to develop in the economic sector by the enchanting tourism industry. Community based tourism and eco-tourism emerged in 2014. Tourism can create many job opportunities and economic development but cannot get equally affect poverty reduction. There also harm environmental, socio-culture, and other areas. So as an alternative way of tourism, community based tourism emerged. The new government wants to focus on rural development in economic, socio-cultural, and environmental aspects. That is the reason for the community based tourism implementation in Myanmar.
This research aims to analyze how the local community changes by participating in the community based tourism program and any further community development to sustainable development in the local community. As the methods used for this study, I applied a qualitative research method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation at Myaing CBT, a case study site, in-depth interviews with 16 participants, five members of staff, one regional government official, and two members of staff from Action Aid Myanmar. Data collection was conducted in January 2019 and 2020 at the Myaing CBT site. According to the research, there are a lot of potentials such as improvement in women empowerment, good infrastructure development, substantial financial support and fund, the training for the capability of services and quality of products, proper transparent, legal plans and policies, the hospitality of host community and high willingness and strong community participation for community developing even though they experienced several challenges such as CBT implementation, promotion and running a program as very first CBT program in Myanmar. support and fund, the training for the capability of services and quality of products, proper transparent, legal plans and policies, the hospitality of host community and high willingness and strong community participation for community developing even though they experienced several challenges such as CBT implementation, promotion and running a program as very first CBT program in Myanmar.
미얀마는 2011년, 전 세계와의 고립 정책을 종료했다. 그 이후, 정부는 관광산업의 활성화를 통해 경제를 성장시킬 수 있는 관광산업의 활성화 방안을 찾기 시작했다. 관광산업은 많은 일자리를 창출하여 경제를 발전시켰지만, 직접적인 빈곤율을 감소시키기는 어려웠으며 환경, 사회, 문화, 그리고 다른 분야에 부정적인 영향을 미치기도 한다. 이러한 단점을 보완하여 기존 관광산업에 대한 대안으로 지역사회기반관광(CBT, community based tourism)이 등장하였다. 미얀마의 새로운 정부는 농촌 지역의 경제, 사회와 문화와 환경적인 측면의 발전을 지향하기에 지역사회기반관광이 시행되고 있다.
본 연구는 지역사회기반관광 프로그램에 참여함으로써 지역사회가 어떻게 변화하는지 분석하고, 지속가능한 발전을 위해 어떤 요소가 필요한지 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구를 위해 미얀마에서 최초로 지역사회기반관광 프로그램에 참여한 먀잉(Myaing) CBT현장을 2019년 1월, 2020년 1월 두 차례 방문하여 조사를 진행하였다. 먀잉의 CBT프로그램 참가자 16명, 직원 5명, 지역 공무원 1명, NGO 단체 직원 2명을 대상으로 심층 면접을 실행하여 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 해당 프로그램 참가자들은 CBT의 실행, 홍보, 그리고 운영에서 여러 어려움에도 불구하고 지역사회 여성 역량 향상, 인프라 개발, 강력한 재정적 지원과 기금 확보, 적절한 투명성, 법적인 계획과 정책, 해당 지역사회의 환대와 지역민의 높은 참여 의지, 공동체 결속력 강화 등의 여러 분야에서 지역사회 발전을 가능하게 하는 잠재력이 있음을 알 수 있었다.
- Author(s)
- Shwe Ya min
- Issued Date
- 2021
- Awarded Date
- 2021. 2
- Type
- Dissertation
- Keyword
- Community Based Tourism participation community development NGO women's empowerment
- Publisher
- 부경대학교
- URI
- https://repository.pknu.ac.kr:8443/handle/2021.oak/2170
http://pknu.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000374475
- Alternative Author(s)
- 쉐야민
- Affiliation
- 부경대학교 대학원
- Department
- 대학원 글로벌지역학과
- Advisor
- 정법모
- Table Of Contents
- Ⅰ. Background of Studies 1
1.1. The Impacts of Community Based Tourism 3
Ⅱ. Literature Review and Methodology 7
2.1. Literature Review of Community and Community Development 7
2.2. Literature Review of Community Based Tourism (CBT) 9
2.3. Methodology and Theoretical Frame 12
III. Community Based Tourism in Myanmar 16
3.1. Tourism and Development in Myanmar 16
3.2 The Rise of Community Based Tourism for Development in Myanmar 20
IV. Community Changes After Community Based Tourism in Myanmar 26
4.1. Brief Introduction of Myaing 26
4.2. Before and After The CBT Implementation in Myaing 27
4.2.1 Challenges and Weak Points of Myaing Community Before CBT 28
4.2.2 Advantages and Opportunities of Myaing Community after CBT Implementation 30
4.3. CBT Impacts in Economy, Socio-culture and Environment 42
4.3.1 CBT Impacts in Economy 43
4.3.2 CBT Impacts in Socio-culture 44
4.3.3 CBT Impacts in Environment 46
V. Critical Factors on Successful Community Development in Myaing 56
5.1. Participation of Community People, Not Only Leaders 56
5.2 The Involvement of Government in CBT 63
5.3 The Support of INGOs; Action Aid Myanmar 65
VI. Conclusion 71
References 74
- Degree
- Master
-
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- 대학원 > 글로벌지역학과
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