古中世 天皇 研究

Abstract

The main object of this paper is to reveal the truth about Tenno between the era of ancient Heian to medieval Kamakura, where it is considered as the transition period of Tenno’s existence. Assuming that the spiritual foundation of Tenno worship is in Shinto and Buddhism, the author intends to examine the truth based on Tenno worshiped in Jinja. First of all, the traditional interaction between Tenno, Shinto, and Jinja had been constructing Japanese people’s identity by exhibiting religious and cultural influence. Shinto and Jinja also have been connecting the past and the present of Tenno, strengthening its legitimacy and justifying the existence. As a result of examining the connection between Tenno and Shinto through the development of Shinbutsu Shugo, it could be confirmed that Shinbutsu Shugo was a comprehensive community that sustained Tenno’s permanency and expressed Japanese history / culture. Furthermore, it was a circular causality that dominated the psychological / emotional side of Japan. Ojin Tenno, exiled Tenno, Tenno who became Onryo, and Tenno that spread belief were suggested as Tennos enshrined as gods, and their influence was examined. Regarded as equally as Hachimansin, the case of Ojin Tenno was spread in ancient to medieval era as guardians of not only Tenno and Royal house but also warriors, and its value was being consistently accumulated. Through this, the author investigated that the influence of enshrined Tennos were not restrictive and nearby, but communitywide value and universal sense. In addition, the case of exiled Tenno resulted in spreading diverse cultures of the capital. Tenno-worshiping-Jinja was acknowledged for a place to succeed traditional exile-culture, as it was functioning to assure and increase Tenno’s authority. Onryo Tenno, who once put the society into crisis and chaos, was enshrined as a god through various reposing rituals of Buddhism. This was not to deny or sever Tenno, but to remove the negative image of Onryo and convert it into a positive image through long reposing ritual. Also, Kumano, where worship boom occurred by Tenno’s Gokou, was being used as a place for harmonization and religious shelter that could even embrace Tenno’s political/moral brutality. Finally, ancient-to-medieval Tennos maintained a supportive relationship with Shinbutsu Shugo even in disadvantages of their declining political power. As a result, It could be confirmed that Tannos had been remaining as a figure who were maximizing their meaning of existence to a positive value, while they governed cultural/psychological aspect of Japan.