뇌파 측정을 통한 화재경보음 인지도 및 어포던스 평가

Abstract

In this study, human recognition and affordance of the transmitted sound according to the operation methods of fire alarm systems were evaluated, and through the foregoing, the limitations of existing previous studies were supplemented and measures to improve the law related to the fire alarm sound were presented. Existing previous studies had limitations in deriving quantitative, scientific, and objective results due to biased results involving individuals’ subjective experiences and opinions such as interviews with survivors, questionnaires, and CCTV image analysis in cases of fire. Therefore, a simulator experiment was conducted to implement the fire situation in real life and to examine the human awareness and affordance according to the fire alarm and emergency alert message in the reaction stage. Fire alarm and emergency alert message were used as alarm sounds the experiment was conducted with 41 male and female students at P University, who had never studied fire safety engineering. An in-school lecture room where students stay for a long time was determined as the place of experiment to satisfy the installation criteria and create an environment similar to real life. The results of the experiment of human recognition according to each alarm were evaluated through the independent sample t-test, which is a statistical method, and the affordance was evaluated through image analysis thereby evaluating dependent variables by independent variables, and the following conclusions were obtained. As a result of analysis of the average of the amount of changes in brainwaves, significant changes were found based on a significance level of 0.01 at RT (relative theta wave) among RT, RA (relative alpha wave), and RAHB (high beta/alpha waves) indicating relaxation responses. On the other hand, among RB (relative beta wave), RHB (high beta wave), RG (relative gamma wave), SEF50%, and SEF95% indicating awakened responses, relative beta wave, RSMT, and SEF50% showed significant changes at the significance level of 0.05. In addition, emergency alert message showed higher ratios than alarm bells by 6.7% at RT, 0.8% at RA, 6.6% at RB, 4.6% at High Beta, 3.6% at RAHB, 4% at RG, 9.5% at RSMT, 9.6% at SEF50%, and 0.46% at SEF95%. According to the results of analysis of averages by brainwave channel, predominant responses were shown in the temporal lobe, which has an auditory information processing function, in an experiment of auditory stimulation by fire alarm sound. It can be seen that the activity of the temporal lobe appears prominent during auditory stimulation. However, as a result of the verification of significance, changes were found to be significant at the prefrontal and frontal lobes, that are related to high levels of cognitive and mental functions caused by external stimulation. According to the results of the affordance analysis through video analysis, the responses were 13.7 seconds faster and much more diverse and busy changes appeared in the case of emergency alert message compared to alarm bells. Since the interpretation and recognition of alarm sounds began earlier the case of emergency alert message, the action also appeared 20.4 seconds faster in the case of emergency alert message than in the case of alarm bells. This shows how important the effect of interpretation and recognition of alarm sounds on behavior in the reaction stage is. In addition, unlike the observer's observation criteria during image analysis, in brainwave analysis, it was identified that when a fire alarm sound was heard, negative emotions such as anxiety, tension, restlessness, and stress were induced. Therefore, this study supplemented the limitation of the biased result derivation, which is the limitation of the analysis method in existing previous studies, and derived quantitative and objective results. Therefore, the results of this study are judged to be of great significance in evaluating the recognition of fire situations when evacuating with a study method that was not available in the domestic fire safety engineering and evacuation fields.