분리불안 유아와 어머니의 놀이치료 및 합리정서행동치료 사례연구

Abstract

A Case Study on Play Therapy and Rational Emotional Behavior Therapy for Children and Mothers with Separation Anxiety: Focusing on Psychological Change

Moon-Jeong Kim

Department of Early Childhood Education, The Graduate School, Pukyong National University

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of play therapy and REBT on children and mothers who suffer from separation anxiety and analyzed the psychological changes occurring in the treatment process. In addition, in order to analyze the psychological changes of infants and mothers in a relational context, qualitative case analysis methods were attempted focusing on three cases of Byeoli, Dongyi, and Songyi. The ultimate purpose of this study is to provide integrated treatment cases of mother-child separation anxiety in early childhood and to suggest the meaning and direction of psychological counseling for separation anxiety in early childhood. The specific research questions for achieving the purpose of this study are as follows: First, what is the psychological change of the separation anxiety children in the process of child-centered play therapy? Second, what is the psychological change of separation anxiety mothers in REBT process? Third, what is the meaning of separation anxiety infants and mothers' psychological changes in the treatment process? This study was conducted in four stages of research procedures. The first stage was the stage of selecting participants, and the separation anxiety test was conducted for 400 children aged 3 to 5 and 400 mothers of children from two kindergartens and four daycare centers located in Busan. The separation anxiety was within the top 30% and the same family, the infant and mother, were selected. The second stage was psychological evaluation for selected children and mothers, and the third stage was the treatment stage, and the child-centered play therapy was performed for the children and the mother was REBT. The fourth stage is data collection and analysis stage, and various quantitative and qualitative data collected during the treatment process were qualitatively analyzed based on the 5-stage circulation process of Yin(2013). In addition, the treatment effect was confirmed through pre- and post-test. The results of the study showed that the unique cases of Byeoli, Dongyi, and Songyi were derived on how infants and mothers are solving separation anxiety through the treatment process and what psychological characteristics are seen in the solution process. All three infants and mothers had a common sense of separation anxiety. However, the forms and characteristics of separation anxiety that they are experiencing due to differences in factors such as temperament, anxiety-related events, and home environment were all different, and the psychological changes in the treatment process were also different. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is as follows: First, this study is meaningful in that it sought the fundamental solution of separation anxiety integrated by the therapeutic intervention of the mother of the infant who is the main cause of separation anxiety as well as the infant who is experiencing separation anxiety by differentiating it from the existing studies. It also suggests that the treatment effect of infants and their mothers is maximized by treating them together. Second, this study is meaningful in that it was able to understand the unique characteristics of each case by using qualitative case study.,The characteristics and forms of temperament and separation anxiety of infants and mothers are different, and the interactions that appear in the treatment process are different, so there are implications for understanding and applying the meaning of each case in the field. In addition, it is meaningful that it complemented the qualitative aspect and showed quantitative treatment effect. Third, play therapy for children was conducted in a play room located in an educational institution where children live. This was an easy task for the researcher to observe the separation process and daily life of the children and to shorten the play therapy session of the children. It also helped to quickly lead changes in the treatment room to changes in the classroom. Fourth, this study was conducted to solve various causes and solutions of separation anxiety through each therapeutic intervention for infants and mothers who are experiencing separation anxiety. As we can see from this study, it is confirmed that infants and mothers can understand and treat the problem by looking at it together, so clinicians and counselors who treat separation anxiety in the field must make efforts to understand and treat infants with parents. In addition, this study is meaningful in that it not only provides empirical information to teachers of early childhood education institutions who meet infants who are experiencing separation anxiety in the field, but also suggests the importance of parent education related to separation anxiety. Next, the limitations of this study and suggestions for follow-up studies are as follows. First, this study conducted a case study on only three infants and their mothers who are experiencing separation anxiety, so it is difficult to generalize the study to all infants and parents who are experiencing separation anxiety. Therefore, it is necessary to study more cases of various ages and cases of various separation anxiety symptoms through follow-up studies. Second, this study was focused on the therapeutic intervention of infants and their mothers. Therefore, there may be a part that overlooks the influence of teachers or families of early childhood education institutions that have influenced the effect of treatment. Therefore, in the follow-up study, it is necessary to study the influence of the teacher or family that affects the infant. Third, this study confirmed the effects of therapeutic interventions on children-centered play therapy and REBT for mothers. The therapeutic intervention method of this study is meaningful, but in terms of diversity and effectiveness of treatment, it is necessary to compare various therapeutic intervention methods in follow-up studies. Fourth, this study was conducted on children and mothers who suffer from separation anxiety. In the follow-up study, it would be effective if the therapeutic intervention of infants and parents was applied in parallel to maladjustment behaviors of infants such as ADHD, rebellious disorder, and social phobia. Fifth, if the play therapy program, which can mediate the children with separation anxiety, and the recognition change program on separation anxiety, or the separation anxiety intervention program are developed and used for the teachers in the field of early childhood education who are in a position to directly mediate the separation situation, it will be effective to help the children who suffer separation anxiety. Finally, in this study, only separation anxiety and PAT were performed as post-tests for mothers, but in the follow-up study, it is expected that more in-depth results can be obtained if various tests such as parent-child interaction test or parenting stress are used.