FTA 미소기준 활용실태에 관한 연구

Abstract

Due to the many free trade agreements and the internationalization of parts and production processes, rules of origin are becoming increasingly difficult. This makes it difficult to use the FTA. The FTA has exceptional provisions for the purpose of mitigating and complementing the strictness of the rules of origin. That is the Intermediate Materials, Accumulation, and the De Minimis. Even though the origin standard is not satisfied due to the specific inverse foreign material put into the product, the De Minimis is an exception rule that the product is recognized as the originating product when the proportion of the inputted foreign material is less than the level specified in the individual agreement. The De Minimis is to expand the scope of origin recognition. However, the exception provisions and the De Minimis are also different according to the agreement, and the purpose of the exception provisions are not fulfilled. Especially, there is a lack of research on the De Minimis. Previous studies used literature and examples. Therefore, this study attempted empirical analysis. First, we surveyed shippers and customs brokers to understand how they use the De Minimis. The problems of the De Minimis rule were identified and the difficulties felt by the practitioners were identified. Second, the improvement of the De Minimis was derived. Finally, I tried to suggest some implications for the FTA negotiation. The questionnaire is mainly shippers and customs brokers located in Busan. Frequency analysis, crossover analysis and kai test were conducted on 102 questionnaires. First, frequency analysis was performed on all questions, and the characteristics of the sample were shown. The company type is divided into shippers and customs brokers, and the utilization results are divided into users and non-users. Then, a cross-analysis and a kai test were conducted on shippers, customs brokers, users and non-users. The results of the study are as follows. First, the use of the De Minimis is lower than expected. Second, the level of awareness about the De Minimis was not very high. There were not many items that utilized smile criteria. Third, cross - examination of shippers and customs brokers showed a significant difference in response tendency between reasons of insufficient utilization and reasons of lack of education. In addition, there was no significant difference in response tendency between the problem of the De Minimis, the most necessary action, the pros and cons of revision, and the direction of revision. Fourth, crossover analysis between users and non - users showed a significant difference in response tendency in reasons of lack of use, reasons of lack of education, and revision direction. In addition, there was no significant difference in response tendency between the most needed action and the pros and cons. This study has the following implications. First, active consideration of shippers' FTAs and cost control for utilizing FTAs are very important for the utilization of the De Minimis. Second, we need to strengthen FTA education and PR for the people in charge. Third, if the amendment is made to the De Minimis, it will be the most practical way to increase the allowable rate of non-originating materials.