사업용 화물자동차의 사고 발생 요인에 대한 고찰

Abstract

Major accidents involving commercial vehicles have been increasing. The Department of Transportation announced in January 2018 new comprehensive traffic safety measures. The purpose of this paper is to statistically investigate the factors involved in commercial truck accidents by analyzing accident data supplied by the Korea Trucking Association.

As the result of an analysis of variance test (ANOVA) on commercial traffic accidents involving property damage liability we could see the factors influencing the severity of an accident included: the type of accident, size of the vehicle, weather, road conditions, vehicle speed, time of day and the area in which the accident occurred.

Regression analysis was used to compare and analyze the effects of each factor on the property damage insurance payments. The greatest factor affecting damage payments was the violation of traffic laws and regulations by the commercial vehicle driver. Accidents involving night driving also increased insurance payments. The greatest factors affecting the cause and severity of the accident was again the violation of traffic laws and regulations by the commercial vehicle driver and the vehicle speed at the time of the accident.

The result of the ANOVA tests on cargo liability accidents showed that there was a statistical difference in the insurance cost paid, due to the accident, by month. Also, insurance payments decreased in the case of “cargo bringing-in” accidents while it was higher in “falling” accidents. Regarding accident area, it was found that express highway is the most powerful variable with highway accidents having the highest insurance payments. These payments showed a pattern of payment deduction as the number of lanes increased.

As a result of the regression analysis of cargo liability accidents, accident speed was excluded from the significant variables among the variables considered as common factors. This study found that the age of the driver had a highly significant and positive effect on the insurance payments. Among the types of cargo accidents which resulted in the total loss of the cargo, such as fire, the insurance payments were high. It was hard to find any correlation with the weather. The accident area analysis found that only housing area was a significant variable to reduce insurance payments. In the case of accidents involving violations of major laws and regulations, the insurance costs to be paid increases significantly, statistically confirming that violations of the major traffic law and regulations will lead to major accidents.

In order to prevent major accidents, it was found that road conditions should be improved so that more attention can be paid to safely driving during the night and rainy weather, both of which are increasing factors in insurance payments. The government is expanding highways, building driver's shelter, and improving the lighting system. As these measures are implemented the problems of the past are expected to be gradually improved.

In addition, it is important to strengthen the publicity of accident cases so that cargo transporters could feel the need for compliance with the driving laws. For drivers who have caused serious accidents such as deaths, compulsory education for a certain period of time is enforced. These experiential education facilities are mainly concentrated in the metropolitan area, making it difficult to obtain any benefits in the regional provinces.

As we have seen in this study, the degree of severity of accidents varies depending on the accident area. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the education facilities centering on the large metropolitan areas such as Busan and Incheon where large-sized trucks are concentrated.