폐기물 소각시설에서의 CO2 배출량 산정방법에 대한 비교 연구

Abstract

According to the IPCC Climate Change Comprehensive Assessment Report published in 2014, CO2 released into the atmosphere from the 1750s to 2011 is estimated to be 2040±310GtCO2, and 50% of the total greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution. In particular, despite the global greenhouse gas reduction measures since the 2000s, the impact of negative climate change is increasing as greenhouse gas emissions are deepening. In order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, it is the first step to calculate the exact emission for each source. Therefore, the Climate Change Convention(UNFCCC) provides guidelines through IPCC for calculating the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by each country. In regard to this, in the case of incineration of waste, the calculation process is complicated, so it is recommended that the method by direct measurement is very accurate and transparent. Currently, in the case of domestic waste incineration facilities, the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions is estimated by calculation method. In this case, CO2 emissions are calculated considering the characteristics analysis of incinerated wastes such as amount, dry weight and carbon content. However, each emission factor applied in the calculation process has a low accuracy and high uncertainty in that it is calculated using some measurements and most of them uses the default value(Default Factor) provided by the IPCC. Therefore, the IPCC recommends direct measurement for estimating greenhouse gases in waste incineration facilities. At this points, due to the infrastructure of Tele-Monitoring System(TMS) established in Korea, continuous measurement of CO2 emissions(CEMS) is possible in waste incineration facilities. Therefore, in order to study the effectiveness of calculating greenhouse gas emissions through continuous measurement of waste incineration facilities, we selected waste incineration facilities operated in Korea and applied Tier1 calculation method(calculation formula) according to IPCC guidelines and Tier4 a continuous measurement method which is the fundamental purpose of this study, are compared and analyzed. In addition, we tried to identify the problems of the method of calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of the waste incineration sector currently applied by comparing the emission factors provided by the IPCC guidelines with the average value of the incineration facilities selected in this study. The study was conducted annually from 2014 to 2016 in consideration of the time series. The target incinerators for the study was conducted at two municipal and two industrial waste incinerators in consideration of the characteristics of incineration waste. The main results of this study are that the proportion of 6 wastes in CO2 emissions in the order of plastics, papers, and textiles in the municipal waste incineration is estimated to exceed 95%, and in the case of industrial wastes, CO2 emissions from 4 waste types, including petroleum, others, and construction waste exceeded 95% of total emissions. Second, in the case of municipal waste incineration, there is a certain level of difference between Tier1 and Tier3 CO2 calculations, however in case of Tier4 CO2 emission is depended on the incineration efficiency. This consideration is also found in the industrial waste incineration. Third, Tier1 relative uncertainty is found to be between 21.11% and 74.29% in M-B facilities, which are municipal waste, and 78.05% and 430.21% in I-B facilities, which are industrial waste. The relative uncertainty according to the Tier3 method was found to range from 9.22% to 38.48% in M-B facilities, which are municipal waste facilities, and from 20.05% to 765% in I-B facilities, In the case of Tier4, the CO2 concentration uncertainty of municipal waste M-B facility performed during the inspection period was an average of 0.02405, and the average uncertainty of the flow period was 0.03442727. As a result, the relative uncertainty of the M-B facility was 4.118 percent, and the relative uncertainty of the I-B facility was 10.564 percent. Therefore, in the case of domestic incineration facilities, it is advantageous to calculate CO2 emissions by continuous measurement method using the currently constructed TMS infrastructure in terms of accuracy of emission and transparency of the calculation process.