FROM INTEGRATION TO DISINTEGRATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: FOCUSED ON THE CASE OF BREXIT
- Alternative Title
- 지역통합에서 지역해체로의 변환: 브렉시트사례를 중심으로
- Abstract
- The study aims at understanding the causal logic of disintegration of the United Kingdom from European Union. Brexit is the eloquent expression of the failure of European identity especially since a great number of British citizens decided to be no longer in European Union through the referendum. As the main objective of regional integration is to facilitate and increase the trade among two or more neighboring countries, the statistics of Eurostat obviously show that there is economic interdependence between the United Kingdom and European Union. The main cause of the disintegration could be the discomfort of the voters, Britain citizens, vis-à-vis to European integration. By using the theory of constructivism, we can understand more how the United Kingdom is socially constructed and find out the identities of the groups of voters and their perception of European integration. The results show that some socio- demographic groups (the unemployed, those on low incomes or in low-paid work, those with low qualifications and poor job prospects) find themselves in competition with workers from EU member states. Obviously, the free movement of labor leads to limits job opportunities and to the decrease of the wages. And as for old people with more than 66 age, (white British), they focus considerably on the national identity by taking for the immigration issue as the factor that jeopardizes their identity.
Keywords: regional integration, constructivism, identity, free movement, European integration, Brexit, the United Kingdom
이 연구는 영국의 유럽연합 탈퇴의 원인을 이해하기 위함이다. 브렉시트는 영국 국민들의 국민투표를 통해 유럽연합에서 떠나기로 결정하였다. 이는 유럽 정체성 형성의 실패를 보여주는 사례이다. 지역통합의 가장 중요한 목표가 두 국가 또는 그 이상의 이웃국가들 사이에서 무역을 활성화하고 증가시키는 것이기 때문에 Eurostat에서는 영국과 유럽연합간의 경제적 상호의존성이 있다는 것을 보여준다. 탈퇴의 가장 큰 이유는 유럽연합에 대한 영국 시민인 투표자의 불안때문이었다. 구성주의 이론을 사용하여 우리는 영국이 사회적으로 어떻게 구성되어 있는지 더 잘 이해할 수 있으며 투표자 집단의 정체성을 확인할 수 있고 유럽 통합에 관련한 그들의 인식을 확인할 수도 있다. 이 결과는 일부사회계층(실업자, 저소득 또는 저임금 노동자, 비고급인력 등)이 다른 유럽 국가와 경쟁에 있는 것을 발견했다. 노동의 자유로운 이동은 이들 사회계층의 취업기회를 제한한다.
- Issued Date
- 2019
- Awarded Date
- 2019. 8
- Type
- Dissertation
- Keyword
- regional integration constructivism identity free movement European integration Brexit the United Kingdom
- Publisher
- 부경대학교
- Affiliation
- Pukyong National University , Graduate School
- Department
- 대학원 국제지역학과
- Advisor
- Sang Wuk Ahn
- Table Of Contents
- CHAP I. INTRODUCTION 1
I.1. Problem statement 5
I.2. Research objective 6
I.3. Research questions 6
I.4. Hypothesis 6
I.5. Theoretical framework/ methodology 7
CHAP II. LITERATURE REVIEW 10
II.0. Introduction 10
II.1. Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States 11
II.1.1. Population 11
II.1.1.1. Norms 12
II.1.1.1.2. Culture 12
II.1.1.1.3. Ideology 13
II.1.1.1.4. Identity 13
II.1.2. Territory 13
II.1.3. Government 14
II.1.4. Capacity to enter into relations with other States 15
II.2. Democracy 17
II.2.1. Athenian democracy 18
II.2.2. Modern theories of democracy 18
II.3. Regional integration 19
II.3.1.Theories of regional integrations: Neofunctionalism 20
II.3.2. Stages of regional integration 22
II.3.2.1. Free Trade Agreement 23
II.3.2.1.1. Positive effects of Free Trade Agreement 24
II.3.2.1.1.1. Increase of competition 24
II.3.2.1.1.2. Increase of economic growth 24
II.3.2.1.1.3. More dynamic business climate 25
II.2.1.2. Negative effect of Free Trade Agreement 25
II.3.2.2. Customs union 26
II.3.2.2.1. Positive effects of customs union 27
II.3.2.2.1.1. Increase trade flows 27
II.3.2.2.1.2. Trade creation and trade diversion 27
II.3.2.2.1.3. Avoid the trade deflection 27
II.3.2.2.1.4. Closer integration and cooperation 28
II.3.2.2.2. Negative effects of a Customs Union 28
II.3.2.2.2.1. Loss of economic sovereignty 28
II.3.2.2.2.2. Allocation of tariff revenue 28
II.3.2.3. Common market 29
II.3.2.3.1. Free movement of goods 29
II.3.2.3.2. Free movement of capital 30
II.3.2.3.3. Free movement of labor 31
II.3.2.3.4. Free movement of services 32
II.3.2.4. Economic and monetary union 32
II.3.2.5. Political union 33
II.3.3. Regional disintegration 34
CHAP III. EUROPEAN INTEGRATION 35
III.1. Treaty of Paris 36
III.2. Treaty of Rome 37
III.3. Treaty of Merger 38
III.4. Single European Act 39
III.5. Treaty on European Union 40
III.6. Treaty of Amsterdam 41
III.7. Treaty of Nice 42
III.8. Treaty of Lisbon 42
CHAP IV. EXISTING ANTI-COMMUNITY MOVEMENTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 48
IV.1. Before accession into European Economic Community 48
IV.2. After accession into European Economic Community 51
CHAP V. DISTINTEGRATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION: BREXIT 57
V.1. Description of the United Kingdom 57
V.1.1. The United Kingdom’s population and demographics 58
V.1.2. Capacity to enter into relations with other States 61
V.2. Referendum of Britain’s withdrawal from European Union: Brexit 62
V.2.1. Introduction 62
V.2.1. From integration to disintegration of the United Kingdom from the European Union 64
V.2.2. Referendum towards Britain Exit and the profiles of voters 65
V.2.2.1. Age structure of brexit voters 70
V.2.2.2. Socioeconomic status of brexit voters 73
V.2.2.3. Gender of brexit voters 76
V.2.2.4. The geographical sharing of votes 77
CHAP VI. CONCLUSION 79
References 82
- Degree
- Master
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