사별을 경험한 베트남 결혼이주여성의 홀로서기 삶에 관한 현상학적 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the essentials of the life of Vietnamese marriage immigrant women who have experienced bereavement and to understand the meaning of the experience in an internal perspective. In order to do this, I conducted two to three in-depth interviews with 6 Vietnamese marriage immigrant women who were bereaved and collected data from late November, 2018 to January, 2019. The analysis and interpretation of data were performed by selecting the Giorgi equation analysis method according to the phenomenological method. In consequence, the final 100 Meaning units, 32 sub - components, and 10 components were derived. The conclusion of the study is as follows. First, the 'tranquility‘ stage is the pre-bereavement experience of Vietnamese marriage immigrant women, and it is the stage where the husbands give strong supports for them who live a tough life in Korea. Vietnamese women chose international marriage with a longing for Korea and a sense of duty to help their home. They tried hard to adapt to the unfamiliar Korean culture despite many difficulties, and had wills to settle down in Korea through their husbands. Second, the 'confusion' stage is the bereavement process of Vietnamese marriage immigrant women. Due to the lack of information provided by international marriage brokers, Vietnamese marriage immigrant women who had been married without knowing their husbands' illnesses suffered the damage. Our society is responsible for them as an indirect perpetrator, and the community and related ministries should focus on multicultural families and provide support for them. Third, the 'abysm' stage is the confrontation in which the women face the mental trauma of bereavement and are alienated from the society as foreign breadwinners. Due to the resentment of their husband's family and the discrimination against the foreign daughter-in-law, the women were in much more trouble. Above all, some women who did not obtain nationality have more difficulties in securing their legal status and right of residence. In addition, they have been unable to escape from the low-income bracket due to economic difficulties, along with rearing and education for children, and working. As such, there is still a lack of social and cultural awareness of multiculturalism, so institutional changes are needed. Fourth, the 'overcoming' stage is the endeavor where the women endure as foreign mothers after bereavement, try to be korean as foreign heads of household, and experience a positive change of perception in confusion through a good fellowship. The women have been in a hard situation because of the difficulty of acquiring their nationality, leaving the institutional system, and experiencing the limitations of their children's education. However they try to overcome them. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a practical support plan for Vietnamese marriage immigrant women to overcome the dual problems of single parent families and multicultural families after bereavement. Finally, the 'leap' stage is a stepping stone that the women who have experienced bereavement, grow through adversity and self-reflection, and make a leap for the future. The women reaffirm the value of self-reliance and their existence, and become more mature. At this stage, we found strong autonomous will and independent tendency of Vietnamese women. In this way, the women have grown up to be self-reliant ones by being bereaved. The meaningful experience gained from this process gave the active and educational meaning to return one's strength to others. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that it presents a new alternative direction to multicultural bereaved families through qualitative research on the self-reliance of Vietnamese marriage immigrant women who have experienced bereavement.