연구개발투자에 대한 연구

Abstract

This research conducted three empirical analysis on three independent subjects for Research and Development (R&D) investment as follows:

Essay 1. The Impact of R&D Investment on the Employment This research attempted to estimate the elasticity of employment in order to analyse the impact of R&D upon the employment, by utilizing a Panel Analysis from the Korean Firm Level Data of Statistics Korea from 2006 to 2015. According to the result, non-linear correlation was observed as the increase of R&D and the impact of R&D upon employment showed significant differences as the sector of industries and the level of technologies. In terms of manufacturing industry, the ‘U’ correlation was observed between the employment and R&D, especially in the mid-tech industries. This clearly proved the fact that R&D can cause positive effects on the employment in the term in case of reaching a certain level. Whilst, in the high-tech industries, the impact of employment was increased as the rise of the R&D, and this congestion rate was relatively rapid. In the sector of Service Industries, R&D did not show significance in traditional service industries. However, in terms of knowledge service industries, the elasticity in the term showed decrease as the increase of net profit.

Essay 2. An Analysis on the Impact of Transaction Concentration upon R&D Concentration. This research aimed to analyse the impact of transaction concentration of buyer companies on R&D concentration of supplier companies in transaction relationship amongst small and medium sized companies, especially focusing on manufacturing SMEs, by utilizing the panel data from Korea Enterprise Data Corporation DB between 2009 and 2016. According to the result of empirical study on total suppliers, transaction concentration could not cause any significant impacts on R&D concentration. However, if the exclusiveness of supplier companies is defined in accordance with the criteria of 50% out of total sales on one specific buyer companies, the transaction concentration of exclusive subcontractors showed statistically significant positive. Moreover, adjusting exclusiveness criteria range into 30~60%, the research could also observe significant impacts of transaction concentration on R&D concentration. On the other hand, no significant correlations have been found between transaction concentration and R&D concentration from nonexclusive subcontractors whose portion of total sales on specific buyer company comprise below 50%. In line with the observations above, the research emphasized that buyer companies accelerate the R&D of cooperative companies in their transaction, however, this has been only observed in exclusive subcontractors. This clearly shows that the amount of transaction exceeded the certain level of transaction scale leads the increase of dependency on buyer companies, therefore, the R&D investment of supplier companies can be affected by buyer companies. However, the fact that transaction concentration has a positive influence on R&D concentration of exclusive subcontractors does not mean that the R&D concentration of exclusive subcontractors is higher than that of non-exclusive subcontractors.

Essay 3. An Analysis on the Impact of R&D upon SMEs Business Performance This research aimed to estimate the impact of R&D to the business performances in transaction relationship amongst SMEs. In order to clearly identify the impact of R&D concentration to business profit increase especially in relation to Primary to 4th partner SMEs and non-cooperation SMEs which are included in leading enterprises’ transaction network, the panel analysis was conducted based on the unbalanced enterprises panel data from Korea Enterprise Data Corporation DB between 2009 and 2016. According to the observation, R&D concentration caused positive impact on the increase rate of the sales account. In evaluating the impact of R&D concentration to the increase rate of sales account in the cooperation SMEs group, the coefficient estimates of R&D concentration showed statistically significant positive (+) in the phase 1 of All Enterprises, low-mid tech industry, and high-tech industry. In contrast, R&D concentration did not cause any effects to the increase rate of sales account in non-cooperation SMEs group including All Enterprises, medium-high technology industry, high tech industry as the observation found that there was no statistical significance from the group. In relation to the impact of R&D concentration to the increase of business profit, no statistical significance was found in All Enterprises, low-mid tech industry, high tech industry. The observation showed same result in both cooperation and non-cooperation SMEs.