중국의 김 산업 발전을 위한 연구

Abstract

Laver industry is one of the representative industry among Chinese aquaculture. Since 1970s, a series of measures has been taken such as introducing foreign capital, developing new variety, innovating aquaculture techniques, expanding exports and forming industry associations and through over 30 years of development, laver industry has tended to be mature. As a result, China has become an aqua-cultural powerhouse and the world's biggest exporter of laver. However, at the same time, there are still some problems in the area of production and supply, quality of raw materials, marketing, industry associations and management practice of the government. To solve the existing problems, historical review and status analysis of Chinese laver industry is significant to its sustainable development and will help to shape the direction in which the industry is to develop. The research was based on the data collected from 《China Fisheries Statistical Yearbook》《China Customs import and Export Database》《People’s Republic of China Sea Area Management Law》. However given the social nature of China, it was found difficult to access to data in more detail. For this reason, the author also visited the aqua-farms and primary processing plants of laver in Jiangsu Province, China and did some interviews with the technicians there. In the research, two main varieties of laver in China were introduced, porphyra yezoensis and porphyra haitanensis. Porphyra haitanensis was a traditional variety in China. In the meanwhile, three cultivation techniques were introduced, semi-floating net, fixed net and floating net. In addition, the costs of each link in the process of production were calculated. Chinese dry laver is mainly exported to Taiwan, Thailand, Japan, the USA etc. Among them, the amount of dry laver exported to Taiwan takes accounts for more than 50% of the total. The amount of dressed laver exported to USA, Thailand and Hong Kong takes accounts for more than 40% of the total. In Chinese laver industry, high cultivating density, large inventory backlog, volatile market price and absence of government supervision are all the negative factors to the development of the industry. Therefore, strengthening government supervision will be beneficial to the sustainable development of Chinese laver industry.