한중일 조선기자재 산업의 수출경쟁력 실증 분석 연구

Abstract

This study analyzes the export competitiveness of the Korean marine equipment industry and compares it with the marine equipment industry in China and Japan. The export competitiveness analysis method used the revealed symmetric comparative advantage, which indicates the degree of comparative advantage, and the trade specialization index, which indicates the specialization of import or export. The items of marine equipment for analysis were defined according to the MTI classification system, and data corresponding HS codes were collected through the International Trade Centre. The analysis subjects are the main five items of anchor(731600), compression ignition engine and parts(840810, 840999), propeller blades(848710) and measuring instruments(903180). The analysis results of export competitiveness of marine equipment industry during the analysis period are as follows. China's export competitiveness has been strengthened, but it is in a comparative disadvantage. Japan is maintaining a comparative advantage. Korea's export competitiveness has been strengthened, turning it into a comparative advantage in the 2010s from the 2000s. The results of this analysis are the same in the two analysis methods of the revealed symmetric comparative advantage and trade specialization index. The results of export competitiveness analysis by item are as follows. Korea has a comparative advantage in compression ignition engines and parts(840810, 840999) and measuring instruments(903180). China has a comparative advantage in anchor(731600). Japan has a comparative advantage in other items except for anchor(731600) such as compression ignition engines and parts(840810, 840999), propeller blades(848710), and measuring instruments(903180). According to the results, Japan has a higher level of export competitiveness than Korea and China. The results of analysis of export competitiveness by items and among each country are as follows. Korea has a comparative advantage in two items such as compression ignition engine(840810) and measuring instruments(903180) over China, while compression ignition engine parts(840999) has a comparative advantage over Japan. China has a comparative advantage over both Korea and Japan in anchor(731600), and the propeller blades(848710) has a comparative advantage only in Japan. Compared with Korea and China, Japan has a comparative advantage in compression ignition engines(840810) and propeller blades(848710). While measuring instruments(903180) has a comparative advantage in only Japan. This result showed that Japan is the leader in technology and localization rate. Through research, Korea has secured export competitiveness in some items. In order to enhance Korea's export competitiveness, it is necessary to has a product differentiation strategy against China's technological strengthening policy and also need a technology securing strategy for low-tech items compared to Japan. In addition to this strategies, there is a need for technology development and manpower support policies for high value added engineering fields.