고대 하타씨(秦氏) 연구

Abstract

According to 'Nihon Shoki(日本書紀), the population of Hata Uji, the arrival of the Korean Peninsula in the 16th year of Emperor Ojin(285 A.D.), reached about 170,000 in 540. In the 700s, the residence of Hata Uji is confirmed anywhere in Japan. In particular, in the mid-to-late 700s, they provided financial support for the construction of royal palaces. Based on this economic wealth, they established Hachiman Jinja, Inari Jinja and Matsuo Taisha Temple. The ancient Hata lived in 81 counties in 32 prefectures, with 43 family names stretching out from Hata Uji. In this paper, I discussed the origin of Hata, the movement and distribution of their population, the relevance of Hata and Yoshiie's three brothers' adult ceremony, and the combination of Seiwa Genji and Hata Uji.

In 'Sinsenshogiroku(新撰姓氏録), the descendants of Qin Shi Huang of China, but they settled in Gaya for nearly 700 years by the time the kingdom was destroyed in 207 B.C. Therefore, the theory that Hata Uji is a descendant of the Qin dynasty and is Chinese is unreasonable, and it would be appropriate to say that is from the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula.

In the ancient times, there are three points where the Korean immigrants arrived in Japan. First, it is a route that they departed from the south coast and arrived in Kyushu. Hata Uji in this area established Hachiman Jinja. The second route was stopping over at Izumo and they arrived in Tsuruga and finally settled in Omi. Hata Uji worshipped Shilla Myojin(新羅明神) in Onjoji Temple in Omi. The last route was that they arrived at Naniwa via Setonaikai and settled in Katsuragi Gose where was the native land of both Yamashiro Hata Uji, and Kamo Uji who established Shimo-Kamojinja in Kyoto. Minamoto Yoshiie, Yoshitsuna and Yoshimitsu who were the middle ancestors of Minamoto Yoritomo, the founder of Kamakura Bakufu, held an adult ceremony in front of God Yawata, God Kamo and Shilla Myojin respectively and each was called by Yawata Taro, Kamojiro and Shillasaburo, depending on each God's name.

Minamoto Masanobu, son of Atsusane, the eighth son of Emperor Uda, was granted the surname Uda Genji in 936. Among his descendants, Sukenori Minamoto went down to Omi Prefecture and joined with Sasaki Uji, a powerful local tribe in Omi, to form a group of Omi Genji Bushi(武士). They changed their God from God Sukunahikona that was Sasaki's God to Uda Genji's ancestor. In the case of Seiwa Genji who was also granted the surname of Genji from the Emperor Seiwa, Minamoto Mitsunaka joined Tada Latifundia in Setsu Prefecture, and formed a group of Seiwa Genji Bushi. Later, his descendant changed Tada Jinja's God from Otadaneko which originated from Gaya in the southern part of Korea Peninsular to Mitsunaka and his children. In the late 900s, Hata Uji who was rich and Minamoto Mitsunaka assume a similar combination as Uda Genji's case. It is possible to assume that the wealthy Hata Family and emerging family of Genji might have had some kind of relationship in Tada Latifundia.

Ever since the arrival of the Hata Uji to Japan, many embankment works, mines, salt fields, and unexplored sites must have had a hard time. Over time, Hata Uji people have made great contributions to ancient Japan's industry, culture and entertainment, and are still loved by the Japanese. The family characteristics of Hata Uji are generally defined as Labor work groups, local-oriented, and lower-class clan groups, and this perception is supported by many researchers. However, if you look closely at Rikokushi(六国史), Shinsenshojiroku, it is easy to see that Hata Uji was the largest clan group in Japanese ancient times. Therefore, there is a gap between recognition and facts and one of the intents in this study is to try to convert them. They provided Iron, the foundation of the industry and water management to buildup new towns. Given the mass concentration of Hata Uji, it would be safe to say that early Japan's infrastructure was built in Hata Uji.