중국 민영 양로서비스산업의 현황과 운영모델에 관한 연구

Abstract

In the 21st century, China has become the country with the largest number of elderly people in the world due to an increasingly severe population aging. China has entered the ranks of aging countries since 2000 and the number of elderly aged over 60 as of the end of 2018 reached 249 million and it is forecasted to exceed 400 million in 2030. The aging population has brought many problems and challenges to the country and society, but from a different perspective, it has also brought important opportunities for the development of Chinese elderly service industry. Along with the promotion of urbanization and economic growth in China, the home care function tends to be gradually weakened as the perceptions of family composition and care are changing. In addition to this, not only the financial burden of government is aggravated due to increased number of elderly but also the government's efficiency of service has been lowered day by day. In order to solve these problems, other solutions other than home and government are inevitable. After the reform and opening, the Chinese government began to actively encourage private sector to enter the elderly service industry, China's old-age care service gradually shifted from family old-age care to social old-age care, and developed in the direction of industrialization and marketization. With the entry of the private sector into the elderly service industry, elderly service have improved in both supply and service quality, and led the marketablization of elderly service industry. Market competition has created a variety of emerging elderly service models such as smart-type elderly service industry, cultural elderly service industry, medical care and elderly care model(medical & nursing), old-age real estate model, etc. Firstly, this thesis uses literature research method to deeply analysis the related concepts and backgrounds of the private elderly service industry, the development history, characteristics, new development trends and supply status of the private elderly service industry. On this basis, the case analysis method and literature research method are used to further analyze the operating model. This article selects several representative operating models in China, which are the medical care and elderly care model, the smart elderly care model and the residence pension model. A brief overview of the content of each model, followed by categorizing each model by collating and summarizing existing literature. Based on each type, the practice examples of some elderly service institutions are analyzed, and each model is analyzed by SWOT analysis. The conclusion is a brief summary of the whole thesis, and look forward to the future development direction of private elderly service industry, which can be further used for reference by the domestic enterprises and organizations to participate in the development of retirement service industry.