지난 50년간 과학기술 논문을 통해 본 수산 동물 유전육종연구 동향

Abstract

This study analyzed tendencies and technologies in the 50,543 papers published related to genetic breeding of marine animals in 9 major academic journals for the last 5 decades. The objective of this study is to implement policies to improve productivity by introducing genetic breeding technologies for the breeding industries in Korea which is facing various obstacles. For this, the published papers which includes induced spawning/breading, sex reversal, hybridization, chromosome engineering, and selective breeding technologies were chosen by 5 years period. From this data, major technologies in each period were found through the changes in the number of papers. The successful cases in each period were studied by the technologies in each species of fish, shellfish and crustacean. Additionally, the information on the species that are bred recently using each technology was analyzed. In particular, the objectivity of the study was enhanced by applying ‘text mining technique’ using the “Orange” program to the abstracts from the papers which studied Grouper species which are used widely for the breeding in recent years. As a result, the percentage of publications on induction of artificial spawning has reached 25% of the total number of published papers at its highest which has increased gradually from the early 1970’s until the late 1980’s, and decreased until today. This also underlines that the diversity of species for culture has increased globally from the early 1970’s to late 1980’s. The success cases of sex reversal were only reported among fish. In the 1990’s, approximately 40% of the reports have been made. It seems that significant growth in productivity through sex reversal of various species was accelerated by the stabilization of spawning induction. Hybridization has increased rapidly in the 1980’s when the induced spawning was introduced. There has been 777 reports in the last 50 years. It has the most number of reports among the 11 breeding technologies in this study. Prior to the 1990’s, less than 10% of the papers were reported on the induction of gynogenesis diploid. However, the reports were increased by 25 and 35% constantly which is noted as the newest significant breeding technology. Only one paper was reported in the 1970’s on androgenesis diploid. For 35 years since 1985, 18 papers were published. This technology not only increases the homozygosity but also crucial in producing clones along with the above mentioned gynogenesis diploid induction. It is projected that the development of methods to efficiently inhibit the first cleavage of the species would be a very important technology in the future. Excluding the 5 papers reported in the 1970’s, 346 papers have been reported in the last 50 years on triploids. They were all published after 1980’s. The number of published papers have been increased constantly with time which became a very important genetic breeding technology of marine animals. 47 reports on the production of tetraploid was published since 1980’s with average of one published paper each year. This is a very low number of papers considering the importance in the industry. This maybe because of the difficulty in inhibiting the first cleavage. However it is necessary to have further studies for the 100% sterility to prevent pollutions from transformed marine animals. Since 1985, the number of papers on induction of tetraploid of hybrids was more than 25. This small number might have been because of the small necessity in the industry. There should be more studies on this because it is a technology that is used to overcome the low survival rates of hybrids, and that could realize a 100% sterility. Only 5 papers have been published on the induction of tetraploid of hybrids which was on the introduction of chromosome engineering using the tetraploid Cyprindae. The selective breeding technology to stabilize the new breeds by cross breeding the valid characters is one of the oldest breeding technologies. It was increased constantly from the 1970’s and rapidly increased after 1985 with 56 reports. Most of the reports were on the use in the industry by breeding fast growing species. However, no reports has been published on their industrial use. In conclusion, First, as the proportion of breeding industry is growing globally, the number of papers published in marine animals breeding journals has also increased. Second, the increase in the number of papers in genetic breeding was apparent which proved that the genetic breeding technologies are also developed as it is needed in the industry. Third, the biota and its main species which were chosen for the genetic breeding are the species that are actively bred in the industry. Therefore, the development of the breeding technologies plays great role in the development of breeding industry by productivity enhancement. Fourth, by applying text mining technique in measuring the similarities of literatures, and writing the results using a software that creates various word clouds, the possibility of objective analysis eliminating possible subjective judgment was proved. This study provided insights on marine animal breeding technologies and industries globally. Further studies on the trend of Korean marine animal breeding industries are suggested to establish policies for Korean industry.